1. Summarizing Strategies

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Essential Question: How can I use summarizing to increase student learning in my classroom?
Assessment Prompts:
What is summarizing?
Why should students summarize?
How is summarizing distributed throughout a lesson?
What are some strategies for summarizing at the end of a lesson?
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What is Summarizing?
Summarizing is a learning strategy.
It asks the learner to restate key points of the lesson or answer the essential question in a few words or in a new way.
Summarizing is the strategy that has the second greatest effect on student achievement. (Marzano, Pickering and Pollock in Classroom Instruction that Works.)
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Summarizing Formats
Writing – summarize key points; something you’ve learned
Orally – numbered heads; discuss or answer the essential question in pairs
Dramatically – individually or in pairs act out the content
Visually/ Artistically – create a visual that summarizes the content of what we have learned
Physically – use movement to show understanding of the content
Musically – create a jingle, poem, or rap
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5. Ones, tell the twos what summarizing is.
Twos, tell the ones five different formats for summarizing.

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Why summarize?
Helps the teacher gather evidence of learning
Students’ misconceptions, confusions, and misunderstandings surface
Builds comprehension and long-term retention of information for students
Helps students understand what they understand and what they still need to learn
Gives students the chance to use new vocabulary
Helps students construct personal meaning from their learning.
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7. Ones tell the twos why summarizing is helpful for the teacher.
Twos tell the ones why summarizing is helpful for the student.

8. What are two types of summarizing?
Distributed summarizing throughout the lesson
Summarizing at the end of the lesson
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9. Distributed Summarizing
Based on attention span of students (age + 1 or 2 minutes)
Helps teacher know who has learned information before moving on with more information
Is linked to the assessment prompts
Requires dialogue rather than yes/no answers
Involves all students
Occurs throughout the lesson
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10. Basic Strategy: Numbered Heads
Number students in pairs and assign each student a number
Assign a task to each numbered student
Plan when to insert a question prompt
Create questions to be asked at important intervals
Chunk your instruction and ask questions at pre-determined intervals
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11. Prompts or Questions for Pairs
“We have been talking about __________. Ones, clarify or explain _________ to your parenter and two’s report.”
“Ones, explain to twos why ________ is important. Twos, share one or two key ppoints to remember about __________.”
“Twos tell ones how to _________ (stpes in a process). Ones carry out the process and twos describe. If you disagree, explain why and discuss.
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12. Twos tell the ones what distributed summarizing is and why it’s important.
Ones tell the twos what the basic strategy is for distributed summarizing and the things you need to remember when planning for it.

13. Summarizing at the End of a Lesson
Ticket out the Door
Carousel Brainstorming
Absent student letter
3-2-1
Key Word Acrostic
Inside/Outside Circles
The Important Thing
ABC Review
Show me
Draw a picture or diagram; create an organizer
Writing
Learning Log
RAFT
$2 Summary
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Let’s Try Some!
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15. Twos tell the ones four summarizing strategies that involve writing.
Ones tell the twos four summarizing strategies that don’t involve writing.

16. Complete your organizer by writing a summary to answer the essential question.
How can I use summarizing to increase student learning in my classroom?