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3. a.fossilized animal tracks b. c.a fossil used to date rock layers d. 1

4. a.sedimentary rock layers are younger than layers below b.a layer of sedimentary rock over an older, eroded layer of rock c. 2

5. a.an interruption in the geologic record b.a layer of sediment deposited annually c. d. 3

6. a.an interruption in the geologic record b.a layer of sediment deposited annually c. d. 4

7. a.a fossil used to date rock layers b.sedimentary rock layers are younger than layers below c. d. 5

8. a.a fossil used to date rock layers b. c. a layer of sedimentary rock over an older, eroded layer of rock d. 6

9. a. b. c.numeric age of an object d.the age of an object in relation to other objects 7

10. A. B.the age of an object in relation to other objects C. D.the principle that geologic processes that occurred in the past can be explained by current geologic processes 8

11. a. b. c.numeric age of an object d.the age of an object in relation to other objects 9

12. A. B.sedimentary rock layers are younger than layers below C.a layer of sedimentary rock over an older, eroded layer of rock D. 10

13. a. b. c.tree ring. d.glacial lake. 11

14. a.mummification. b.petrification. c. d. 12

15. a. b. c.tar that fossilizes insects d.tree sap that fossilizes insects 13

16. a.fossilized fish b.fossilized dung or waste c. d. 14

17. a. b. c.law of crosscutting relationships d.law of thermodynamics 15

18. a. b. c.10,000 to 20,000 years. d.10,000 years. 16

19. a. b.Radioactive decay happens very quickly. c. d.Radioactive decay happens at a relatively constant rate. 17

20. a.Parent isotopes are compared to daughter isotopes. b.Isotopes of different compounds are compared. c. d. 18

21. a.a stone inside a fish b.a stone that was inside a dinosaur c. d. 19

22. a.carbonized trace fossils. b. c.carbonized residue of plants or fish. d. 20

23. A. fossils of shells within hardened sediment B. C. D.stone from a dinosaurs digestive system, used to help grind food 21

24. A.a fossil used to estimate the age of rock layers B.atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons C. D. 22

25. A.a fossil used to estimate the age of rock layers B. C. D.the scientific study of fossils 23

26. a. b.the time it takes half the mass of a given amount of a radioactive isotope to decay into its daughter isotopes c. d.atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons 24

27. a.freezing, petrification, desiccation, amber b.amber, petrification, mummification, freezing c. d. 25

28. a. b. c.daughter isotope. d.child isotope. 26

29. a.measure the amount of sediment. b.measure the rate at which the stream erodes its bed. c. d. 27

30. A. B. C. Petrification D. Casting 28

31. a.intrusion. b.fault. c. d. 29

32. a. b. c.coarse summer layer of sediment overlaid with a fine winter layer. d.layer of coarse sediment deposited annually. 30

33. a.30 cm over 1,000 years. b.30 cm over 100 years. c. d. 31

34. a. b.metamorphic rock. c.sedimentary rock. d. 32

35. a. b. c.horizontal layers of old sedimentary rock erode, then get covered by new layers d.undisturbed sedimentary rock remains in horizontal layers 33

36. a.folded or tilted rock comes to the surface, erodes, and new sediment is deposited b. c.horizontal layers of old sedimentary rock erode, then get covered by new layers d. 34

37. a.formed by radioactive decay. b.used to date objects less than 70,000 years old. c. d. 35

38. a.most bacteria cant survive freezing temperatures. b. c.it needs water to decay. d. 36

39. a. strata. b. data. c. d. 37

40. a. The rock layers have been tilted or deformed b. The rock layers are not actually sedimentary. c. d. 38

41. a.Mt. Saint Helens b. c.Niagara Falls d. 39

42. a. b. c.radioactive d.igneous 40

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