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Cold War Conflicts Suez Canal to Gulf War.

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Presentation on theme: "Cold War Conflicts Suez Canal to Gulf War."— Presentation transcript:

1 Cold War Conflicts Suez Canal to Gulf War

2 Suez Crisis: 1956-57 Suez Canal nationalized by Egypt
July 1956 USSR gave economic and military support Israel invades Egypt toward Suez Canal Backed by Britain and France USSR-Kruschev threatens to Nuke GB & FR US-Eisenhower threatens sanctions against GB & FR Sanctions work GB & FR back down 12/56 Israel removes troops 3/57 Was a major crisis due to threats by USSR but pressure relieved by US diplomacy

3 Berlin Wall: 1961-89 1945-60 Millions defect from USSR
Angered Kruschev 8/61 USSR Builds Fence around West Berlin to prevent defection Completed Construction 1965 Became point of Tension for almost 3 Decades President Reagan calls for wall to be torn down 1987 East Berlin opened to West Berlin 10/89 Mikhail Gorbachev loosened restrictions West and East Berliners begin tearing down the wall themselves

4 Bay of Pigs: 1961 1959 Communists take over Cuba led By Fidel Castro
Nationalized Am.-owned plantations CIA tries to remove Castro by espionage April 1961 Decision to invade Trained refugees from Cuba backed by CIA invade Cuba Cuban intelligence knew they were coming Badly outnumbered invasion was a “perfect failure <1100 taken prisoner Led Castro to request Nukes from Russia/Kruschev Cold War tension just off US shores south of Florida

5 Cuban Missile Crisis: 1962 1959 US puts Nukes in Turkey
1962 US discovers missile silos in Cuba 10/14 Kennedy announces discovery 10/22 Sets up blockade to stop Russia installation Kruschev announces blockade will be ignored US increases alert level to After 13 days of diplomacy both countries agree to remove nukes Kennedy promises not to invade Cuba and secretly agrees to remove nukes from Turkey Kruschev brings nukes back to USSR Nuclear war avoided when message delivered by Robert Kennedy to Soviet ambassador 10/28

6 Vietnam War: Vietnamese declare independence from France & Japan 1945 France refuses due to rubber plantation profits Viet Minh victory at Bien Dien Phu 1954 French defeat led to division of Vietnam at 17th parallel (North [Communist] and South Vietnam) US supports non-communist south/France 1961 US (Kennedy) sends advisers Recommend escalation 1963 Lyndon B. Johnson becomes President 6/65 LBJ sends 85,000 troops 7/75 100,000 1966 sends 100,000 more Strategy of Atttrition – outlast the will to fight

7 Vietnam War: 1966-75 1967 US Troops ~ 500,000 1/31/68 Tet offensive
15,000+ U.S. casualties 1/31/68 Tet offensive N. Vietnamese and Viet Kong attack 100+ cities Military success for US and allies but became political loss for US Johnson does not run for re-election Richard Nixon wins presidency Withdraw ground troops increases bombings Ended Draft in 72 1/73 peace treaty Hostility continued between N & S until 75 4/30/75 US forced out of S. Vietnam Results – 2 million Vietnamese dead, 3 million wounded, 12 million refugees 58,000 US dead, or MIA & 150,000 wounded; Spent $120 Billion

8 Russia In Afghanistan: 1979-1989
Russians try to expand control into mid- east Invade Afghanistan 12/79 Communist government in Kabul Little support elsewhere in country US supports resistance fighters Mujahidin (Muslim Jihadists/Freedom fighters/Insurgents) CIA trains fighters in Pakistan USSR could not gain control 1987 USSR begins withdrawal under Gorbachev Completed by 2/89 Surrogate war between USSR and fighters supported by US

9 U.S Gulf War: 1990-91 Iraq was allied with USSR throughout Cold war
Iraqi Army invades Kuwait 8/2/90 Saddam Hussein ordered invasion US sends aircraft carriers 8/8 Ordered by Pres. H.W. Bush Builds multinational coalition Aerial bombings begin 1/17/91 Operation Desert Storm Ground forces fight in Kuwait Invade Kuwait 2/24 Iraq retreats 2/27 Coalition gains control of Iraq Hostilities end 2/28; 42 days after US began bombings ~300 Coalition Dead; ~10,000 Iraqi dead

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