1. Unit 6 the 1960’s Kennedy, Johnson & Vietnam

2. Before: the 50s Baby Boom: Soaring birthrate from 1946-1964
Dr. Jonas Salk: Developed the Polio Vaccine
The Beat Movement: Writers who made fun of the conformity and materialism and mainstream American society
Urban Renewal: Plan to tear down Decaying neighborhoods and build low-cost housing
TV: The main new medium for news and culture
Teen/Youth Culture: Rock & Roll, Elvis, James Dean, Greasers, Sock Hops

3. Election of 1960 JFK (Democrat) vs. Richard Nixon (Republican)
TV’s Role:
Televised debates show Kennedy as calmer and more youthful making people “like” him better
Outcome: JFK Wins

4. John F. Kennedy New Frontier- JFK’s domestic program
Goal: To end poverty and jump start space program
Peace Corps: A volunteer program of volunteer assistance to the developing nations of Latin America, Asia, and Africa
Limited test ban treaty: banned nuclear testing in the atmosphere
(a response to the Cuban Missile Crisis)

5. Dallas November 1963
JFK is assassinated in November 1963 by Lee Harvey Oswald
Oswald is later shot in police custody by Jack Ruby
Vice President Johnson is sworn in as president
Warren Commission: Investigated and concluded that Oswald acted alone

6. Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ)
The Great Society: Domestic Program of Lyndon Johnson
“War on Poverty”
Goal: To end poverty and end racial discrimination
August 1964: Economic Opportunity Act
Job Corps, Head Starts, Medicaid, Medicare, Food Stamps
1964 Election: Johnson Defeats Barry Goldwater 486 electoral votes to 52

7. Johnson & Civil Rights
Civil Rights Act of 1964: Outlawed Discrimination in housing, jobs, and public accommodations
24th amendment: Abolished the poll tax
Voting Rights Act of 1965: ended the practice of requiring voters to pass literacy tests and permitted the federal government to monitor voter registration
Department of Housing and Urban Development: Developed low rent public housing
Immigration act of 1965: ended national origins quotas established in 1924

8. The Vietnam War

9. World WAR II- IndoChina
Japan conquers French Indochina
Ho Chi Minh leads the Vietminh in fighting Japanese forces
1945: Japan is defeated, Vietnam wants independence but control is returned to the French
Vietminh fight the French for independence

10. Independence & Separation
1954- Vietminh defeat French forces at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu
Geneva Accords: Vietnam split at the 17th Parallel
North Vietnam- Communist under Ho Chi Minh
South Vietnam-Anti Communist under Ngo Dinh Diem
North invades the South with help from southern supporters
Vietcong- National Liberation Front, South Vietnamese communist guerrilla fighters

11. Domino Theory- One nation falls to communism the neighboring ones will as well
Under Eisenhower America sends aid and military advisors to aid South Vietnam
Kennedy increases support for South Vietnam
Gulf of Tonkin
A US ship is allegedly attacked by North Vietnamese forces
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution 1964
US authorized to bomb North Vietnam, ground troops sent in

12. Jungle Warfare US forces go on search and destroy missions
Vietcong use guerrilla tactics, taking their dead to avoid body counts
Napalm and Agent Orange used to destroy jungle and deprive enemy of cover
Ho Chi Mink Trail- Supply trail from North Vietnam using bicycles and horses in jungle routes in neighboring Laos & Cambodia

13. Anti War Movement The war is very unpopular due to… The Draft
TV footage showing the carnage of the war
Colleges are the center of Anti-War Movement
S.A.D: Students for a Democratic Society
Kent State 1970
National Guard fires into protestors, 4 killed

14. By 1968, U.S. forces had reached over a half million
January 1968: Tet Offensive
Massive offensive, defeated by the US but shows the war is unwinnable
Nixon elected in 1968
Vietnamization: Burden of fighting shift to S. Vietnam
July 1969: Gradual Withdraw of troops

15. Secret Expansion
Nixon expands the war into Cambodia to disrupt the Ho Chi Minh Trail
1971 Pentagon Papers reveal the US is not winning the war
Operation Linebacker 1973
Unrestricted bombing of Hanoi to force a peace settlement

16. Pairs Peace Accords 1973 Major Provisions:
Cease Fire, U.S. withdraw of troops, return all “prisoners of war”, reunification by peaceful means
Cost of the War ( ):
$140 Billion
300,000 wounded
46,000-57,000 killed

17. Fall of Saigon- The END
1974 North Vietnam breaks cease fire and invades
President Ford does not intervene
Saigon and South Vietnam fall in April 1975
Many South Vietnamese evacuate to avoid communist reprisals