1. Do Now! Look at your partner’s homework.
Using the green pen, comment on each of the following:
Understanding of key terms norms and values
Use of examples
Effort

2. KQ: Social Processes: What do sociologists mean by ‘socialization’?
Date: Monday, 17 September 2018
KQ: Social Processes: What do sociologists mean by ‘socialization’?
Lesson Outcomes:
Define the socialisation process
Identify the different agents of socialisation
Explain the difference between primary and secondary socialisation.

3. Starter
As you watch this video clip, note down 2 things. What are some of the norms, of the traveller community?
What are the norms of the traveller community
Where do you think they learnt these norms?
images are hyperlinked to this.

4. What is socialization?
Sociologists use the term ‘socialization’ to describe the way we learn the culture and appropriate behaviour (the norms and values) of the society we are born into.
Make a list of who you think is responsible for teaching us our culture.
Can use gypsy weddings to think about how they learn i.e. passing on tradition through parents/friends etc.

5. Primary Socialization
Socialization can be split into two groups; ‘Primary’ and ‘Secondary’ socialization. Each has different agencies within them.
Primary Socialization

6. Sociologists distinguish between primary and secondary socialization.
Primary socialization refers to learning during early childhood when, as babies and infants, we learn the basic behaviour patterns, language and skills that we will need in later life.
Secondary socialization begins later in childhood and continues throughout our adults lives. Through this process, we learn society’s norms and values.

7. Agencies of socialization?
Out culture is taught to us by what sociologists call the ‘agents of socialization’.
Family
Government
To name a few…
Peers
Media
Religion

8. Family Government Peers Media Religion
Apply your knowledge. Which of these agencies of socialization are Primary and which are Secondary?
Family
Government
To name a few…
Peers
Media
Religion 8

9. Explain what sociologists mean by socialization (4 mark question)
Point
Example
Explain
Theory
Examiners tip- remember to use the relevant key concepts and terms
(such as culture/values/ norms/socialization)

10. Clear definition explained using key terms
Socialization is the process through which we learn the culture and appropriate behaviour (the norms and values) of the particular group or society we are born into.
For example, we learn basic behaviour, language and skills from our parents (primary) and the norms of society from our peers (secondary).
Example explained using key terms
Green pen!

11. KQ:Social Processes: How are we socialized?
Date: Monday, 17 September 2018
KQ:Social Processes: How are we socialized?
The family is a child’s first social group, so that is where the earliest learning, or primary socialisation, takes place. Families introduce children to language. Families give children essential skills and knowledge. They also teach social norms and society’s values. Families also pass on their beliefs.
Method of socialisation
Definition
Deliberate instruction
Role models
Positive sanctions
Negative sanctions
Play
The child copies what it sees other family members doing
The child is punished for breaking the family’s rules
The family tells the child what, how and why to do something
The child is given a reward for behaving correctly so is likely to repeat the behaviour in future
The child is given toys or games which develop skills or social norms

12. How will this child learn to act as a girl or boy?
Who and what around him/her will affect them?
Jot down some ideas.

13. Ideas?
Did you include gifts / toys / clothes / TV programmes/activities /discipline / role models / home?
What manipulations did you mention?

14. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0nIXUjzyMe0 Important key terms
Gender Sex The expected behaviour of a boy and a girl. The physical difference between a boy and a girl.
Draw an outline of a male and female. Around it, write down all of the feminine and masculine qualities that you can think of

15. Representations of gender
Women tend to be shown in a limited number of stereotypical roles in films and television, e.g.
dumb sexy blondes
contented housewives
ruthless career women.
Although in more modern times this is changing a little.
The Jock - By demonstrating his power and strength, the jock wins the approval of other men and the adoration of women.
The Strong Silent Type - This stereotype reinforces the assumption that men and boys should always be in control, and that talking about one’s feelings is a sign of weakness.
The Big Shot - This stereotype suggests that a real man must be economically powerful and socially successful.
Voice overs are usually male. It is believed that male voices carry greater authority so we are more likely to buy the product.
See if you can find an example in a film or T.V. for each of these stereotypes.

16. Homework Look through magazines. Find and cut out pictures of:
Men doing “male” things.
Men doing “female” things.
Women doing “male” things.
Women doing “female” things.
What do you notice about how the media portray roles and personalities of both genders.

17. How do these stereotypes affect the way children grow up?
Children see the stereotypes and think that is the normal way to be and behave. Can you think of any examples in any type of media that affects the way a girl or a boy thinks about themselves.

18. Applying what you know!
Does it matter if the media show men and women in stereotypical ways?
Do you agree that children can be influenced by gender stereotypes in the media? Give two sociological reasons for your answer.

19. However We don’t all conform to our gender norms…
…and can reject social messages:

20. Margaret Mead 1901-1978 Famous anthropologist.
Studied 3 tribes in New Guinea in 1930s by living among them.

21. RECIPROCAL READING ROLES
Assigned roles: 1
‘BIG BOSS’ – tells the group what to read. Makes sure everyone joins in. Decide when to stop and start reading. Will instruct the others when to carry out their roles. 2
‘SUMMARISER’ – tell the group what you have read in your own words. You must only summarise the important information. Be concise! 3
‘QUESTIONER’ – as you are reading the text, formulate questions which will help the group to understand what has been read. Then test your peers. 4
‘CLARIFIER’ – highlights anything you do not understand or require help defining.

22. The Arapesh
Lived in the mountains. Men and women had similar attitudes and actions. They were sensitive to others, had no concept of ownership of land, so there was no fighting or wars.
They were naked until they met Westerners, then they started to cover their private parts.
Men and women both took care of the children. They were not allowed to cry, but petted gently. They were never put down, but cuddled and held

23. The Mundugumor
These people were headhunters and here too men and women were similar. Men and women were unemotional, aggressive, and jealous.
They were harsh with children and carried them in scratchy baskets and rarely played with their children.

24. The Tchambuli
This tribe lived near a lake. They had male and female personalities, though the women were bossy and the men quiet and emotional and spending hours putting on war paint. They too were headhunters.
WHAT DO THESE 3 TRIBES TEACH US ABOUT CHILD REARING, PERSONALITY AND GENDER ROLES?

25. KQ:Social Control: How is our behaviour controlled?
Date: Monday, 17 September 2018
KQ:Social Control: How is our behaviour controlled?
Recap
List 4 agencies of socialisation.
Pick one agency of socialisation and explain how it socialises people.
Evaluate which agency of socialisation you think is the most powerful and justify your argument.

26. These agencies also have a controlling influence on our lives.
Pair & Share: How does this agency control us/teach us our norms and values?
Peers
To name a few…
Media
Religion 26

27. These are all called informal agencies of social control
These are all called informal agencies of social control. They exert pressure to make sure you stick to the law, rules and norms of society. If you stick to the rules you are rewarded through positive sanctions such as praise, presents or just general approval. If you break the rules, negative sanctions are applied in the form of disapproval or punishments.
To name a few…
Peers
Media
Religion 27

28. School
This delivers knowledge and skills to prepare you for the big wide world through the formal curriculum. There is also another side to the socialization process in schools through the hidden curriculum. You know that schools have rules. Most schools have a particular dress code or uniform (which is different for boys and girls). You are expected to be on time and respect the authority of your teacher in the classroom. You are expected to conform to the rules and you encounter problems if you don’t.
Formal curriculum: what students learn in their timetabled lessons, for example Maths & English
Hidden curriculum: the ways in which the organisation of teaching, school regulations and routines shape pupil attitude and behaviour, that is, what students learn at school that is not taught in lessons.

29. Peer group
Friends of a similar age have an important influence on your life. You expect your friends to behave in certain ways and they expect you to do the same. Peer groups can be a positive influence on your behaviour but they can also lead you in a deviant direction by expecting you to follow their lead. For example, many people say the reason they started smoking was because their friends encouraged them to do so. Peer group pressure can also play a big part in the development of your gender identity.

30. Mass Media
The media through television, films, the internet, magazines, newspapers and books affect us all. They put us in touch with images and information that we would not receive through any other source. Much of our political socialization, for example, comes through the media and our attitudes and emotions are affected by scenes we see in films and on the television.

31. Formal social control
The main agency of formal social control is the criminal justice system. This involves:
The police who make sure we conform to the laws created by the legislature and investigate case of law breaking.
The judiciary who deal with those who are accused of breaking the law.
The probation and prison service who look after people who have been found guilty of breaking the law.
The education system could also be seen as an agency of formal control. Schools, colleges and universities all have formal rules and impose negative sanctions on anyone who breaks them.
Legislature: the section of the government that is responsible for making laws.
Judiciary: the section of the government that has the power to apply the law, that is, the court system including judges

32. Explain what sociologists agencies of social control (4 mark question)
Point
Example
Explain
Theory
Examiners tip- remember to use the relevant key concepts and terms
(such as culture/values/ norms/socialization)

33. Clear definition explained using key terms
Agencies of social control are the groups and organisations in society that control or constrain people’s behaviour and actions.
For example, informal agencies like schools and peers control through positive and negative sanctions and approval whereas formal agencies like the criminal justice system impose formal sanctions for breaking the law.
Example explained using key terms
Green pen!