1. Welcome to Salix! Bioengineering – the use of vegetation and natural/man made materials in Civil Engineering construction for surface soil protection, slope stabilisation, watercourse and shoreline protection Richard Edwards

2. Typical Issues and Problems Incorrect choice of product/solution (Willow spiling/soil filled geotextiles) Concept that bioengineering is always a soft solution (Hard/soft combine) Bioengineering can only be used in low energy rivers (Not true) No performance data with bioengineering materials (There is!) Long term performance Maintenance issues (standard get out clause even within the EA) Not involved till its too late (ECI vital) General civil contractors used on frameworks rather than specialists

3. Bioengineering correct choice Soil erosion control and habitat creation Challenge soft and hard engineering Study failures. Why? Right technique for problem Undermines confidence Once bitten twice shy....

4. Replacing four tiers of blockstone Bioengineering can be a combination of hard and soft.

5. Mobile Gravel/Cobble Bed 1. Cobble Bed 2.Degradation/Bed Down cutting 3.Shading 4.Very Steep/High Energy 5.Blockstone Proposed

6. Bioengineering Solution

8. BioEngineering Solution

9. 6 weeks on

10. Slopes Cut & Prepared in Colliery Shale Grass & Legume Mix Sown Case study 2 River Ebbw – High Energy Blockstone Replacement

11. High Performance Composite-TRM installed NAG P550 over prepared surface

12. High Performance C-TRM with Rock Roll & Willow Fascine Toe Live Willow and rock roll toe revetment

13. Completed Installation

14. 4 m/s flood! One flood event onto unprotected slopes

15. Blockstone v bioengineering One year later.

16. Blockstone v bioengineering Five years later.

17. Blockstone v bioengineering Five years later....