1. Safeguarding future antimicrobial options: strategies to minimize resistance 
R. Leclercq 
Clinical Microbiology and Infection 
Volume 7, Pages (January 2001)
DOI: /j s3018.x
Copyright © 2001 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Increased prescribing of new macrolides is proportional to increased macrolide resistance among S. pneumoniae. New macrolides include agents with longer half-lives, i.e. spiramycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin; old macrolides include agents with shorter half-lives, i.e. erythromycin, dirithromycin and josamycin. Resistance is defined as erythromycin MIC ≥1 mg/L.
(figure adapted from [5])
Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2001 7, 18-23DOI: ( /j s3018.x)
Copyright © 2001 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Emergence of macrolide resistance (grey) in group A streptococci in Finland and its relationship to macrolide consumption (black). Macrolide resistance defined as erythromycin MIC ≥1 mg/L.
(figure adapted from [6,7])
Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2001 7, 18-23DOI: ( /j s3018.x)
Copyright © 2001 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Levels of resistance to non-β-lactam antimicrobials according to penicillin susceptibility among isolates of S. pneumoniae from a 1992–93 Western European and USA collaborative surveillance study [15].
Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2001 7, 18-23DOI: ( /j s3018.x)
Copyright © 2001 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
Induction of erythromycin A resistance in an inducibly resistant strain of S. pneumoniae incubated with subinhibitory concentrations of macrolides or telithromycin and subsequently challenged with 50 mg/L erythromycin A. Ery, erythromycin A; TEL, telithromycin; CC, uninduced control culture.
(figure adapted from [20])
Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2001 7, 18-23DOI: ( /j s3018.x)
Copyright © 2001 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions