1. 13-3 Cell Transformation
Interactive pgs. 329

2. What is Transformation?
Transformation = cell takes in DNA from outside the cell
The external DNA becomes a component of the cell’s DNA

3. Transforming Bacteria
Bacteria contain plasmids, which are circular DNA molecules.
Has DNA sequence that helps promote replication
Has genetic marker, which shows if the bacteria has the foreign DNA or not
Ex: Antibiotic resistance

5. Transforming Plant Cells
Bacterial plasmids can be used to transform plant cells.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Type of bacteria that inserts a plasmid into plant cells and grows tumors.
The tumor-producing gene can be removed and replaced with recombinant DNA.
 If transformation is successful the recombinant DNA is integrated into one of the chromosomes of the cell.

7. Transforming Animal Cells
DNA is directly injected into the nucleus of an egg cell.
Foreign DNA is inserted into the chromosomes of the injected cell.
Recombinant DNA carries genetic markers.
Possible to “knock-out” genes
Recombinant DNA with matching flanking sequences will “knock-out” or replace the target gene.