1. Cell Organelles

2. Representative Animal Cell

3. Organelles Cellular machinery Two general kinds Derived from membranes
Bacteria-like organelles

4. Plasma (Cell) Membrane
Contains cell contents
Double layer of phospholipids & proteins

5. Phospholipids Polar Interacts with water Hydrophylic head
Hydrophobic tail
Interacts with water

6. Movement Across the Plasma Membrane
A few molecules move freely
Water, Carbon dioxide, Ammonia, Oxygen
Carrier proteins transport some molecules
Proteins embedded in lipid bilayer
Fluid mosaic model – describes fluid nature of a lipid bilayer with proteins

8. Cytoplasm Viscous fluid containing organelles components of cytoplasm
Interconnected filaments & fibers
Fluid = cytosol
Organelles (not nucleus)
storage substances

9. Cytoskeleton Acts as skeleton and muscle Provides shape and structure
Helps move organelles around the cell
Made of three types of filaments
Actin, also found in muscle cells, mainly help maintain cell shape in their cytoskeletal role. Microtubules mostly move organelles around the cell. Intermediate filaments also provide structural support. 9

10. Centrioles Pairs of microtubular structures
Play a role in cell division

11. Membranous Organelles
Functional components within cytoplasm
Bound by membranes

12. Nucleus Control center of cell Double membrane Contains Chromosomes
Nucleolus

13. Nuclear Envelope Separates nucleus from rest of cell Double membrane
Has pores

14. DNA -Deoxyribonucleic acid
Hereditary material
Chromosomes
DNA
Protiens (histones)
Form for cell division
Chromatin

15. Nucleolus Most cells have 2 or more Directs synthesis of RNA
Forms ribosomes

16. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Helps move substances within cells
Network of interconnected membranes
Two types
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

17. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes attached to surface
Manufacture proteins
Not all ribosomes attached to rough ER
May modify proteins from ribosomes

18. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
No attached ribosomes
Has enzymes that help build molecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids

19. Golgi Apparatus Function
1. Molecules come in vesicles
2. Vesicles fuse with Golgi membrane
3. Molecules may be modified by Golgi

20. Golgi Apparatus Involved in synthesis of plant cell wall
Packaging & shipping station of cell

21. Golgi Apparatus Function (Continued)
4. Molecules pinched-off in separate vesicle
5. Vesicle leaves Golgi apparatus
6. Vesicles may combine with plasma
membrane to secrete content
Note : A Vesicle is just a phospholipid bilayer sac containing fluid. A Vacuole is a specific type of vesicle specialised mainly for storage.

23. Lysosomes Contain digestive enzymes Functions Aid in cell renewal
Break down old cell parts
Digests invaders

24. Mitochondria
Have their own DNA
Bound by double membrane 24

25. Mitochondria Break down fuel molecules (cellular respiration)
Glucose
Fatty acids
Release energy

26. Representative Plant Cell26

27. Cell Walls Found in plants, fungi, & many protists
Surrounds plasma membrane
Rigid protective layer
Made of cellulose (fiber) in plants 27

28. Vacuoles Membrane bound storage sacs
More common in plants than animals (very small)
Helps plants maintain Turgor Pressure –provides rigidity
Contents
Water
Food
wastes

29. Chloroplast Found only in plant cells
Contains the green pigment chlorophyll
Site of food (glucose) production
Bound by a double membrane
Chloroplasts absorb light, which is the catalyst for photosynthesis. 29