1. Immune Depletion, Immune Modulation, and Immunosuppression in MS: A Review

3. Introduction

4. Architecture of the Immune System: Focus on Innate Immunity

5. Innate Immune System Features

6. Architecture of the Immune System: Focus on Adaptive Immunity

7. T-Cell Development

8. B-Cell Ontogeny

9. B Cells: Antigen Presentation, Cytokine Release, and Antibody Secretion

10. Regulatory and Proinflammatory Features of B Cells

11. Effector Function of T Cells

12. Immunity in the Periphery and CNS

13. Adaptive Immune Response in MS

14. Initiation of T-Cell Responses in MS: Scenario 1

15. Initiation of T-Cell Responses in MS: Scenario 2

16. Initiation of T-Cell Responses in MS: Scenario 2 (cont)

17. Different Functions of Macrophages

18. Potential Role of NK Cells in MS

19. CNS Inflammation in MS

20. Compartmentalized Inflammation in Progressive MS

21. CNS Lymphatic Vessels

22. Ectopic Lymphoid Follicles in Meninges

23. MS: A T-Cell- or B-Cell-Driven Disease?

24. A Soluble Demyelinating Factor in MS?

25. Targeting the Immune System in MS

26. Immunosuppressive DMTs

27. Immunomodulatory DMTs

28. Immune-Trafficking DMT—Blockade

29. Immune-Trafficking DMT—Entrapment

30. Immune-Depleting DMTs

31. Overlap of DMT Classification

32. Daclizumab: Enhancement of Endogenous Mechanisms of Immune Tolerance

33. What Is the Most Promising Strategy for the Treatment of RRMS?

34. ORATORIO Primary and Secondary Endpoints: 12- and 24-Week CDP

35. INFORMS: Fingolimod in PPMS

36. EXPAND Trial: Siponimod in SPMS

37. Anti-CD20 Therapy in MS: MOA

38. Conclusions

39. Abbreviations

40. Abbreviations (cont)

41. Abbreviations (cont)