1. How to Stay Warm and how to go to the bathroom outdoors
PAD3O

2. How to Stay Warm and Happy
Dress appropriately for the current weather conditions and be prepared for weather changes to extremes in either direction (warmer, colder, wetter, and drier).

7. This is best accomplished by using the following layering system.
1. Wicking Layer next to the skin – helps one stay dry
Polypropylene, Capilene, or silk

8. 2. Insulating Layer(s) – use as many layers as necessary
Wool, pile, fleece, etc. (not cotton if you are going to be active)

9. 3. Weather protection / shell layer – breaks wind and/or sheds water
Nylon, cotton/polyester, dense weave

10. The key to staying warm and comfortable is to stay warm and dry.
Use your layers to ventilate yourself and regulate your body temperature.

11. Don’t forget your hands, feet, and HEAD

12. These are extremely important and should receive as much attention as the rest of your body.
In the cold, a body without a hat is analogous to leaving the front door open to your house; the furnace will run but the house will not stay warm.

13. 2. Sleeping outside
1) When the ground is cold you require more insulation below than above. Remember that sleeping bags compress when you lie on them
Day use and extra clothes go in or under sleeping pad

14. 2) Staying dry is, again, the key:
Don’t wear the same clothes to bed that you have been wearing during the day. ( the built up moisture will make you cold)
Don’t warm your nose by breathing into your sleeping bag. You can accumulate a great deal of moisture during the night inside the bag this way.

15. 3) Cover your head, either with a warm hat(s) and/or a sleeping bag hood

16. 4) Sleep with a hot water bottle

17. 5) The smaller the sleeping bag (mummy vs square), the less dead air to be heated and hence the warmer you should be. A smaller, well-insulated home is easier to warm than a large, poorly insulated one.

18. 6) Your body is your furnace.
Therefore, it makes a great deal of difference if you eat a well balanced meal to replenish used stores of energy.
Drinking water also helps to keep the system running efficiently. So don’t go to bed hungry and/or dehydrated. Also ensure you have gone to the bathroom

19. 7) Make sure your tent is well ventilated.

20. Going to the bathroom in the woods

21. Believe it or not but there is a book on this by Kathleen Meyers called How to Sh*t in the Woods.

22. Whether going #1 or 2, these are things to take into consideration:
Avoid any place within 200 ft of a water source
Animals will be attracted to the smell
Some animals will try to eat it – this can cause them issues

23. Human waste can kill plants so avoid going on top of them
Stay within voice range of your group

24. Trying to hold in waste is bad for you
It is essentially toxic to your body
Can lead to bladder infections

25. Human waste can stay as a biohazard for a whole year

26. Steps 1) Find a spot away from the trail, campsite or water source
2) Dig a cathole with a small trowel or sticks. The deeper the better. 6-8 inches deep.

27. 4) If you use toilet paper there are two schools of thought as toilet paper takes a long time to break down.
A) Put the used paper in a ziplock bag and pack it out

28. B) Burn it (watch out for forest fires)

29. C) If no TP use soft leaves that are not waxy
C) If no TP use soft leaves that are not waxy. Avoid any poisonous plants, thorny ones, or hog weed.

30. 4) Cover up the hole with dirt and leaves
5) Place a stick in the ground to mark the hole an warn others
6)Sanitize hands

31. If you are willing to pack all of it out
5 Gallon bucket with a garbage bag inside
Pool noodle on top is optional
Do your business
Tie up bag and throw out in trash later.