1. POST WWII

2. UNITED NATIONS When: October 24, 1945 Who:
USA, USSR, France, Britain, China (permanent members w/power to veto)
43 other countries
What: peacekeeping organization designed to protect member countries from aggression
Where: based in New York, NY
How:
General Assembly: for voting on issues
Security Council: investigate and settle disputes

3. The UN today 192 members Headquarters: NY
European headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
Secretary General: Ban Ki-Moon (since 1/07)
Land and building considered international territory
Has its own flag, post office, and stamp
Six official languages: English, French, Arabic, Spanish, Chinese, Russian

4. The Marshall Plan
1947: Secretary of State George Marshall proposed that the US give aid to needy European countries
Provide food, machinery, and other materials to rebuild Western Europe
$12.5 billion
Congress approved because the Soviets seized power in Czechoslovakia

5. The Cold War

6. Why cold war???
Cold war = struggle over political differences carried on by short military action or war
Included:
Spying
Propaganda
Diplomacy
Secret Operations

8. Quick Review
What might have made the U.S. upset with the Soviet Union at the beginning of the WWII?
Signing a non-aggression pact with Germany
What did the leaders decide at the Yalta conference about Germany?
Divide Germany into zones of occupation controlled by Allies

10. Differing goals United States Soviet Union World’s richest country
Cities and factories remained intact
Encourage democracy and prevent communism
Rebuild European governments to promote trade
Reunite Germany to stabilize it and Europe
Soviet Union
50 times more deaths
Many Soviet cities were destroyed
Encouraged worldwide communism
Protect its borders by controlling Eastern Europe
Keep Germany divided to prevent its waging war again

11. Buffer Countries
Stalin decided to install Communist governments in “buffer” countries to protect themselves
Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czech., Romania, Poland, Yugoslavia
What kind of governments did the Big Three agree to create in E. Europe?
Democracies

12. The Iron Curtain Germany was split into two sections
Eastern part = Soviets
(including half of the capital, Berlin)
Western Part - democratic

13. United states’ response
President Truman adopted a foreign policy called containment
Intended to block Soviet influence and stop the expansion of communism
How?
Form alliances against Soviet Union
Helping weak countries resist the Soviet Union

14. Truman Doctrine
What: Truman’s support for countries that rejected communism
Problems:
Some people didn’t want the Americans to interfere in other nations’ affairs
Others argued that the US could not afford to carry on a global crusade against communism

15. NATO
Berlin blockaded heightened Western Europe’s fears of Soviet aggression
1949: 10 western European nations joined with the US and Canada to form a defensive military alliance
NATO = North Atlantic Treaty Organization

16. Warsaw Pact Warsaw Pact
Soviet Union, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania

18. West Germany
In 1948, France, Britain, and the US decided to withdraw their forces from Germany and allow their zones to form one nation
How would Stalin Feel?

19. Berlin Berlin: divided as well
The Soviet Union cut off highway, water, and rail traffic into Berlin’s western zones
Stalin gambled that the Allies would surrender West Berlin or give up their idea of reunifying Germany
The city faced starvation

20. Berlin Airlift
American and British officials flew food and supplies into West Berlin for nearly 11 months!!
In May 1949, the Soviet Union admitted defeat and lifted the blockade

22. Hydrogen Bomb “H-BOMB” - THOUSANDS more powerful than the A-Bomb
United states tested first h bomb – 1952
Soviets tested h bomb – 1953

23. “Arms Race”
Brinkmanship – a policy of threatening to go to war in response to any enemy aggression
United States strengthened air force and began producing stockpiles of nuclear weapons
Soviet Union – doing the same thing

24. Star Wars
There was also a race in science and education between the two countries
Oct. 4, 1957 – Soviets launched Sputnik – the first unmanned satellite above the earth’s atmosphere
1958 – Americans launched its own satellite

29. Berlin Wall
East Germans built up a wall to separate East and West Berlin
Fun Facts about the Berlin Wall

33. 1970s: Political Policies What was brinkmanship?
Very aggressive…if you even threaten to go to war with me, I will attack you
Because of Vietnam war, the US needed a timeout
Détente - a cooling of tensions
This does NOT mean they stop fighting communism
The two sides just agree to reduce the tension

34. 1970s: Problem Area
Middle East

38. 1980s: fall of Eastern Europe
Gorbachev Takes Office in 1981
Glasnost- “openness”
Perestroika- “economic restructuring”
1989: Fall of Berlin Wall
1991: Fall of USSR

39. Terrorism

44. One Man’s Terrorist is Another Man’s Freedom Fighter
Top 5 Threats
One Man’s Terrorist is Another Man’s Freedom Fighter

45. 5. Boko Haram

46. 4. Hamas Palestinian Sunni Islamic Organization
Since 2007 Hamas governed the Gaza Strip
Iran, Russia, Turkey & Arab Nations = No terrorists
4. Hamas

47. 3. ISIS

48. 2. Taliban Islamic fundamentalist group in Afghanistan
Diplomatic recognition from Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates
Condemned for strict interpretation of Sharia Law

49. 1. Al-Qaeda Founded by Osama bin Laden between 1988/1989
Origins Soviet War in Afghanistan
Sunni Movement calling for glob al Jihad & strict Sharia Law
1. Al-Qaeda