3. Background Information
Aboriginals, the First Nations include Inuit and Métis.

4. Colonization
1000 AD Norsemen (vikings) explore Newfoundland, but don’t stay
1497 John Cabot sails for English king Henry VII
French explorer Samuel de Champlain founds Quebec City
French settlers mostly fur traders, not permanent settlers, English were permanent settlers.

5. 1763 - Seven Years War (French-Indian War)
The French lost and signed over Quebec territory to England
1763 Royal Proclamation create the Province of Quebec
Quebec Act 1774
Expanded Quebec territory to the Great Lakes
Established French language
Established French Civil Law
Protected Catholic Faith

6. Canada burned down our White House though.
War of 1812
The United States attempted to invade Canada...it did not work either of the three times.
Canada burned down our White House though.

7. Canada’s Relationship with England
1867 Constitution Act (British Document) created the Canadian Confederation (a federal government working with provincial government)
1914 (WWI) - Canada HAS to send troops to support England → Conscription Crisis as French-Canadian don’t want to be forced to fight for England.

8. 1931 - Statute of Westminster
This made Canada more independent from Britain. Canada can make their own international decisions without England’s approval.
However, the Canadian constitution is still a British document, and any Canadian amendments need to be passed through British Parliament.

9. Canadian Political Status
Canada is a confederation of Provinces. Each Province has their own government that works with the Federal government of Canada.
Similar to how the US has a federal government and state government.

10. Canadian Federal Government
House of Commons - Have elected representatives called Members of Parliament (Mps), they create the laws for Canada
Prime Minister - the head of state, he chooses his cabinet
Senate - They are chosen by the Prime Minister and review the laws created in the House of Commons.

11. Provincial Government
Lieutenant Governor - Represents the Queen
Premier - The head of the Provisional government and chooses his cabinet from parliament
Legislative Assembly - elected leaders, makes Provincial Laws.

12. House of Representative
US-Canadian Chart
United States
Canada
State
President
Governor
House of Representative
Senate
Explain how the Canadian and US governments are similar AND different.

13. St. Laurent and John Diefenbaker
Canada Quiz
Part One:
St. Laurent and John Diefenbaker

14. Revision of Indian Act in 1951 NORAD Nationalist View
Part One: Policies/Terms
In your own words, describe Six of the following policies/Terms
War Measures Act
Revision of Indian Act in 1951
NORAD
Nationalist View
Continentalist View
Trans Canadian Pipeline
Canadian Bill of Rights
Autocratic
Unhyphenated Canada

15. Part Two: Who did what...
For the following policies/actions, you will write down who supported them:
St. Laurent Or
Diefenbaker.

16. St. Laurent or Diefenbaker
Hesitated in reacting to the Cuban Missile Crisis, which worsened relations with the United States
Allowed the US to exploit the hydroelectric potential of Columbia by damming the river near the border, which led to flooding of British Columbian land.
Was an autocratic ruler who lost partly due to “Liberal Arrogance”.
Intended to create the “Northern Dream (Development) by building transcanada highway system and fostering development of mining in the Northern Territories.

17. St. Laurent or Diefenbaker
Lost support of the people by flip flopping over the issue of allowing BOMARC missiles into Canada.
Allowed Canada to become a founding member of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty ORganization).
He forced the Trans Canadian Pipeline through parliament.
He promoted the creation of the St. Lawrence Seaway construction.

18. St. Laurent or Diefenbaker
He created a commission to look into how much the US dominated Canada’s economy...which was quite a bit, as the US controlled 50% mining, and 75% of oil industries.
He spoke of Nationalist policies but in reality, acted more Continentalist
He supported a stronger federal government
He proposed to give Great Britain 15% of Canada’s exports to develop stronger ties, but could not because it was illegal (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade).

19. St. Laurent or Diefenbaker
He scratched the popular Avro Arrow program for a super technological jet airplane.
Under his leadership, the value of manufactured goods rose from $8 Billion to $20 Billion
He sold Canadian wheat to China, tripling the farmers income...but harming relations with the United States.

20. Part One Answers War Measures Act
Passed in 1914, allowed the federal government the power to regulate the economy and suspend civil liberties in times of war or perceived insurrection
Revision of Indian Act (1951)
Lifted restrictions on First Nations culture (Potlatch) and was the first time First nations leaders participated in making the amendments. It remained condescending and controlling
NORAD
North American Air Defense Command - linked Canadian and US air forces to defend North America against Soviet attack

21. Part One Answers Nationalist View
Policies and actions should promote Canada and Canadian culture OVER US interference
Continentalist View
Policies and actions should cooperate with the US for a positive relationship
Trans Canada Pipeline
A pipeline to transport Alberta oil from the West to the East, crossing into the US. It was controversial as the US would help pay for it, be able to use the oil and would profit off of it. It leads to St. Laurent’s fall from power

22. Part One Answers Canadian Bill of Rights
Guaranteed civil rights for all Canadians regardless of ancestry, religion, language or province. It allowed First Nations the right to vote...BUT it only referred to federal jurisdiction, it did not cover education or healthcare
Autocratic
To rule forcefully, push your policies through
Unhyphenated Canada
Promoted One Canada, identifying everyone just as Canadian, not French-Canadian or English Canadian or Ukrainian-Canadian...

23. St. Laurent or Diefenbaker
Hesitated in reacting to the Cuban Missile Crisis, which worsened relations with the United States DIEFENBAKER
Allowed the US to exploit the hydroelectric potential of Columbia by damming the river near the border, which led to flooding of British Columbian land. DIEFENBAKER
Was an autocratic ruler who lost partly due to “Liberal Arrogance”. ST. LAURENT
Intended to create the “Northern Dream (Development) by building transcanada highway system and fostering development of mining in the Northern Territories. DIEFENBAKER

24. St. Laurent or Diefenbaker
Lost support of the people by flip flopping over the issue of allowing BOMARC missiles into Canada. DIEFENBAKER
Allowed Canada to become a founding member of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty ORganization). ST. LAURENT
He forced the Trans Canadian Pipeline through parliament. ST. LAURENT
He promoted the creation of the St. Lawrence Seaway construction. ST. LAURENT

25. St. Laurent or Diefenbaker
He created a commission to look into how much the US dominated Canada’s economy...which was quite a bit, as the US controlled 50% mining, and 75% of oil industries. ST. LAURENT
He spoke of Nationalist policies but in reality, acted more Continentalist DIEFENBAKER
He supported a stronger federal government ST. LAURENT
He proposed to give Great Britain 15% of Canada’s exports to develop stronger ties, but could not because it was illegal (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade). DIEFENBAKER

26. St. Laurent or Diefenbaker
He scratched the popular Avro Arrow program for a super technological jet airplane. DIEFENBAKER
Under his leadership, the value of manufactured goods rose from $8 Billion to $20 Billion. ST. LAURENT
He sold Canadian wheat to China, tripling the farmers income...but harming relations with the United States. DIEFENBAKER

27. Pearson and Trudeau Quiz!!!

28. Part One: Terms/Policies
Define SIX of the following terms/policies:
Cooperative Federalism
Auto Pact
Glassco Commission
Official Languages Act
Quiet Revolution
New Canadian Flag
Economic Nationalism
Notwithstanding Clause
Foreign Investment Review Agency

29. Pearson or Trudeau?
He launched the National Energy Policy to increase Canadian ownership of the oil industry → Petro Canada
He created the Multiculturalism Act to guarantee equality for all cultural and ethnic organizations & second language instructions
He initiated a commission for a new Canadian flag
He created the “Bilingual Campaign” to foster better understanding of each other

30. Pearson or Trudeau 5. He created Universal Healthcare for Canada
6. His economic advisor made a plan that would punish US investment in Canada, eventually he was forced to get rid of it as the US threatened to do the same to Canada.
7. He cut Canada’s commitment to NATO by 50%.
8. He created a Canadian constitution and forced Quebec’s Premier out of the negotiations to get it passed.

31. Pearson or Trudeau
9. He won the Nobel Peace Prize for helping to settle the Suez Crisis.
10. He passed the Official Languages Act that ensured all Canadians had access to federal services in their own language
11. He reduced government spending on the military by reducing troops by 20,000 and combined the Army, Navy and Air Force into one administrative unit.
12. Inflation rose under his leadership and he froze prices and wages.

32. Terms Cooperative Federalism Official Languages Act
Where the Federal government works with the provinces so that a compromise may be reached in legislature
Official Languages Act
This allowed for Canadians to receive federal help in either English or French
Economic Nationalism
This policy called for an increase in taxes on US dominated companies and tax breaks for more Canadian controlled companies. It was dropped when the US threatened to do the same to Canadian countries.

33. Terms
Auto Pact
This was a trade agreement with the US where Canada could specialize in producing certain car models → more productivity and a “one industry free trade”
Quiet Revolution
French Canadiens beign to assert their independence and push for separation
Notwithstanding Clause
A clause in the constitution that says Provinces can opt out of a regulation on a case by case basis

34. Terms Glassco Commission
Stated that spending on the military had been wasteful and promoted the cut of troops by 20,000, as well as combined the Army, Navy and Air Force
New Canadian Flag
It was meant to get rid of the British dominated Union Jack flag and bring the country together under a wholly Canadian flag, but it caused more controversy.
Foreign Investment Review Agency
This screened foreign business takeovers to decide if they benefited Canada, and discouraged foreign investment and growth.

35. Pearson or Trudeau?
He launched the National Energy Policy to increase Canadian ownership of the oil industry → Petro Canada Trudeau
He created the Multiculturalism Act to guarantee equality for all cultural and ethnic organizations & second language instructions. Trudeau
He initiated a commission for a new Canadian flag Pearson
He created the “Bilingual Campaign” to foster better understanding of each other. Pearson

36. Pearson or Trudeau
5. He created Universal Healthcare for Canada. Pearson
6. His economic advisor made a plan that would punish US investment in Canada, eventually he was forced to get rid of it as the US threatened to do the same to Canada. Pearson
7. He cut Canada’s commitment to NATO by 50%. Trudeau
8. He created a Canadian constitution and forced Quebec’s Premier out of the negotiations to get it passed. Trudeau

37. Pearson or Trudeau
9. He won the Nobel Peace Prize for helping to settle the Suez Crisis. Pearson
10. He passed the Official Languages Act that ensured all Canadians had access to federal services in their own language. Trudeau
11. He reduced government spending on the military by reducing troops by 20,000 and combined the Army, Navy and Air Force into one administrative unit.Pearson
12. Inflation rose under his leadership and he froze prices and wages. Trudeau

38. The October Crisis - 1970 (FLQ)