1. Chemistry Notes: Matter

2. Objectives I can… Classify matter Describe the types of properties
Atoms, molecules, compounds, mixtures, etc.
Describe the types of properties
Physical, chemical, intensive, extensive
Explain at the molecular level chemical and physical changes

3. Matter Terms you should know: Matter can be classified
Matter, mass, volume, density
Matter can be classified
Elements
Compounds
Substances
Mixtures

4. Matter All matter is made up of atoms
Atoms –smallest particle of an element - can be broken down into and still maintain the properties of that element.
Atoms are particles
in elements.

5. Matter
Elements – A substance that cannot be chemically separated into simpler substances.
Each element has its own symbol (e.g. Iron  Fe)

6. Matter
Compounds – Two or more different elements that are chemically combined
Compounds are represented by chemical formulas (e.g. Magnesium Chloride  MgCl2)
Sodium Dichromate

7. Matter
Molecules – Two or more (of any) atoms that are chemically combined
Molecules are also represented by chemical formulas (e.g. H2, S8, HCl, NaOH)
A molecule can be a diatomic element, polyatomic element, or a compound

8. Matter What is the difference between a compound and a molecule?
Which one are compounds/molecule?

9. Classifying Matter
Matter Chart

10. Classifying Matter Pure Substances Elements
Monoatomic - elements whose atoms do not naturally bond (e.g. He, Ne, Ar, etc.)
Diatomic – elements whose atoms bond in two atom units
Polyatomic – elements composed of multi-atom units (e.g. P4, S8, O3)

11. Classifying Matter Pure Substances Compounds
Organic – carbon based compounds
Inorganic – non-carbon based compounds

12. Classifying Matter
Mixtures – A combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity.

13. Classifying Matter Types of Mixtures
Homogeneous – mixture that appears the same throughout under a microscope.
Ex: Solutions
Solvent – substance doing the dissolving
Solute – substance being dissolved

14. Classifying Matter Types of Mixtures
Heterogeneous – mixture that has a different appearance in different parts of the substance.
Ex: granite, sand, chocolate chip cookies

15. Classifying Matter Types of Mixtures Heterogeneous (cont.)
Colloids: a heterogeneous mixture that never settles
Ex: gelatin
Tyndall Effect: the scattering of light by a mixture
Suspension: a heterogeneous mixture where the particles are visible and settle.

16. Classifying Matter
The Tyndall Effect – in the example below the laser is seen in the colloid but not the solution (homogenous mix.).

17. Properties of Matter
Properties of matter allow us to distinguish one substance from another.

18. Properties of Matter Types of properties
Physical – can be measured without changing the chemical make up of a substance
EX: color, odor, density, melting point, etc.

19. Properties of Matter Types of properties
Chemical – properties that describe the way one substance will react with another
EX: Flammability, reactivity, etc.

20. Properties of Matter Types of properties
Intensive Properties – determine the identity of substances.
Tells you WHAT substance you have
Melting Point, Density, specific heat, etc.

21. Properties of Matter Types of properties
Extensive Properties – determine quantity of sample.
Mass, volume, length dimensions, etc.

22. Changes in Matter
Physical Change – change in appearance but not in composition. You still have the same substance after the change.
EX: Tearing paper

23. Changes in Matter
Chemical Change – changes in composition. New substances are formed after the change.
EX: Burning paper
Reaction between Cl- and CH3I

24. Summary Know the basics classification of matter
Atoms, molecules, compounds, mixtures, etc.
Know the types of properties
Physical, chemical, intensive, extensive
Be able to describe chemical and physical changes