1. Ionic, Covalent, & Metallic Compounds
Chemical Bonding
Ionic, Covalent, & Metallic Compounds

2. Bonds 3 Types of Bonds Ionic Covalent Metallic Chemical Bond
attractive force between atoms or ions that binds them together as a unit
3 Types of Bonds
Ionic
Covalent
Metallic

3. Ionic Bonds What types of atoms typically form ionic bonds?
How are ionic bonds formed and what type of structure do they typically create?
What are the typical properties of ionic substances?

4. Forming Ionic Bonds
Bonds formed when an electron is transferred from a metal to a nonmetal
Bond between a cation and an anion
Give and take
Reaction between sodium and chlorine:

5. Ionic Bonds
The electrostatic forces that hold ions together in ionic compounds are called ionic bonds.

6. Formation of an Ionic Compound
attraction between opposite charges leads to…
charge-charge interactions in all directions...which leads to…

7. Crystalline Lattice Structure
The orderly arrangement of component ions produces the beauty of crystalline solids.

8. Properties of Ionic Compounds
7.2
Ionic compounds can conduct an electric current when melted or dissolved in water.
When sodium chloride melts, the sodium and chloride ions are free to move throughout the molten salt. If a voltage is applied, positive sodium ions move to the negative electrode (the cathode), and negative chloride ions move to the positive electrode (the anode). Predicting What would happen if the voltage was applied across a solution of NaCl dissolved in water?

9. Covalent Bonds What types of atoms typically form covalent bonds?
How are covalent bonds formed and what type of structure do they create?
What are the typical properties of covalent substances?

10. Forming Covalent Bonds
Sharing of electrons
Usually between 2 nonmetals

11. Molecules
A molecule is a neutral group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds. Air contains oxygen molecules.
A diatomic molecule is a molecule consisting of two atoms. An oxygen molecule is a diatomic molecule.

12. Formation of Molecules
A compound composed of molecules is called a molecular compound. Water and carbon monoxide are molecular compounds.

13. Properties of Molecular Compounds
Molecular compounds tend to have relatively lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds.
Formation of Methane – you tube

14. Metallic Bonds What types of atoms typically form metallic bonds?
How are metallic bonds formed and what type of structure do they create?
What are the typical properties of metallic substances?

15. Forming Metallic Bonds
Sea of electrons
The valence electrons are mobile and can drift freely from one part of the metal to another.
Metallic bonds consist of the attraction of the free-floating valence electrons for the positively charged metal ions.

16. Formation of a Metal Structure
Each atom tries to be as close to as many other atoms as possible

17. Formation of a Metal Structure
Metal atoms are arranged in very compact and orderly patterns.

18. Alloys ALLOYS are mixtures composed of two or more metals
Two types of alloys:
INTERSTITIAL - smaller atoms can fit into the spaces between larger atoms
SUBSTITUTIONAL - atoms within the alloy are about the same size and simply replace each other in the crystal
Ex of alloys: Brass – copper and ZINC
BRONZE – copper and tin
Sterling silver – SILVER and copper

19. Summary : Types of Bonds
IONIC
COVALENT
Bond Formation
e- are transferred from metal to nonmetal
e- are shared between two nonmetals
Type of Structure
crystal lattice
true molecules
Physical
State
solid
liquid or gas
Melting
Point
high
low
Solubility in
Water
yes
usually not
Electrical Conductivity
yes (solution or liquid) no
Other
Properties
odorous

20. Summary : Types of Bonds
METALLIC
Bond Formation
e- are delocalized among metal atoms
Type of Structure
“electron sea”
Physical
State
solid
Melting
Point
very high
Solubility in
Water no
yes (any form)
Electrical Conductivity
Other
Properties
malleable, ductile, lustrous

21. Learning Check 1. Which chemical formula is incorrect? KF2 CaS MgO
NaBr

22. Learning Check 2. Ionic compounds can conduct an electric current
only when melted.
when melted or dissolved in water.
only when dissolved in water.
when solid or melted.

23. Learning Check 3. At room temperature, most ionic compounds are
crystalline solids.
liquids.
gases.
soft, low melting-point solids.

24. Learning Check 4. The valence electrons of metals can be modeled as
a body-centered cube.
octets of electrons.
a rigid array of electrons.
a sea of electrons.

25. Learning Check 5. In most metals, the atoms are
free to move from one part of the metal to another.
arranged in a compact and orderly pattern.
placed at irregular locations.
randomly distributed.

26. Learning Check
6. Compared to ionic compounds, molecular compounds tend to have relatively
low melting points and high boiling points.
low melting points and low boiling points.
high melting points and high boiling points.
high melting points and low boiling points.

27. Learning Check 7. A molecular compound usually consists of
two metal atoms and a nonmetal atom.
two nonmetal atoms and a metal atom.
two or more metal atoms.
two or more nonmetal atoms.

28. Assignment: Chose One Option
STORY - Choose one type of bonding and write “A Day in the Life of an Atom” story describing what it's like to be an atom that forms your chosen bond type.  The story should incorporate at least 5 properties from your Types of Bonds table.

29. Assignment: Chose One Option
COMIC STRIP - Choose one type of bonding and write a comic strip with 3+ frames. The comic should incorporate at least 3 properties from your Types of Bonds table.

30. Assignment: Chose One Option
SINGLE-FRAME CARTOON - Draw a single-frame cartoon for each type of bonding.  Each cartoon should incorporate at least one key property from your Types of Bonds table.