1. The Civil War or The War Between the States 1860-1865

2. Essential Questions
Why was the purpose of the Civil War?
What advantages and disadvantages did each side possess
What impact will the war have on our country

3. Areas of Focus
Advantages and Disadvantages of each Side
Strategy of each Side
Instruments of War
Weapons
Battle Tactics
Medicine
Key Personalities
Key Battles
First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas Junction)
Gettysburg
Vicksburg
Major Political Events
Emancipation Proclamation
Gettysburg Address
Surrender

5. Strong support that the white population or “home front gave to the war – highly motivated to fight because they had a strong sense of being wronged- (Fighting for their Freedom)
Engaged in defensive warfare – less costly in terms of men and material
Fighting in familiar territory - defending their land, homes, and their way of life
Military leadership was superior to the North’s from the beginning, which provided an important tactical advantage
Wealth – from the value of its exports (especially cotton)

6. Union Advantages:
Controlled most of the nation’s money making it easier to finance the Northern war effort
Larger population
More industry- factories were available to produce wartime material
More abundant resources - weapons, uniforms, food, etc.
More farm acreage – access to more food
Controlled both the merchant marine and U.S. Navy
Controlled 70% of the nation’s railroads making it easier move troops and support items

7. Confederate Disadvantages:
Agricultural economy, but produced half as much food as the North
Smaller population of free men to draw upon in building an army
Few factories to manufacture weapons and other supplies
Had less than half the miles of railroad tracks and vastly fewer trains than the North - had great difficulty delivering food, weapons, and other supplies to its troops
Had no organized government at first
Its belief in states’ rights hampered its efforts because the 11 individual states refused to give the Confederate government sufficient power to wage the war effectively.

8. Union Disadvantages:
Bringing the Southern states back into the Union was going to be difficult - it would require the North to invade and hold the South
The Southern people’s support for the war was strong - they believed they could defeat the North
Union had a much smaller pool of experienced military officers
Most of the soldiers were from cities
There was limited support for the war effort as the war continued and some groups actively resisted the draft.

9. The Union’s Strategy for the War:
Their goal was to bring the Southern states back into the Union
(ending slavery was not a major Northern goal at the beginning)
Strategy: Anaconda Plan
(1) to blockade or close Southern ports
(2) gain control of the Mississippi River
(3) capture Richmond, Virginia the
Confederate capital

10. The Confederacy’s Strategy for the War :
Primary goal was to win recognition as an
independent nation - to allow them to preserve their traditional way of life, including slavery
The South developed a defensive strategy:
(1) Defend its homeland and hold onto its territory
(2) Gain the support of Britain and France
(3) Wear down the North until they would give up

11. Weapons of the War Weapons of the American Revolution
Improved weapons increased “Fire Power” the rate at which you could fire with increased accuracy
Weapons of the American Revolution

12. Tactics
Weapons might have improved but they still used outdated tactics. They still fought in open fields with mass attacks

13. Improved Weapons and Outdated tactics = huge casualties
CASUALTIES OF THE CIVIL WAR
Total Troops
1,566,678
1,082,119
Wounded
275,175
194,000
Died of Wounds
110,070
94,000
Died of Disease
249,458
164,000
Total Deaths
359,528
258,000
617,528
WWI – 116,516
WWII ,399

14. Medical Care during the Civil War
The huge slaughter that resulted from these frontal attacks, combined with a relatively few number of poorly equipped surgeons led to fairly dismal prospects for any soldier unlucky enough to be shot or otherwise injured in battle.  Those with serious injuries in the torso would simply die.  For those who were shot in an extremity, the options were few, in fact, really one: amputation.
During major engagements the flood of wounded became simply overwhelming.  The surgeon could afford to spend precious few minutes with each of the injured.  This led to amputation being the treatment of choice for injuries to an appendage. Chloroform was used during the Civil War, when it was available.

15. Key players in the Civil War

17. Key Battles
First Battle of Bull Run
Gettysburg
Vicksburg

18. First Battle of Bull Run
Why is important
The result of the battle shocked the nation because the war that was supposed to be over in a day ended up in an embarrassing defeat for the Union army. The North knew now that it was going to be a long war.
ODD FACT:
Wives of some of the top generals come along, while wealthy men and women bring picnic baskets and blankets to sit on top of a hill and watch the fight

19. Gettysburg Why is important
The battle is the turning point in the war. The south could not recover from the loss. They never went on the offensive again. The North gained confidence and momentum.
The war continues but becomes just a waiting game of when the south will surrender.

20. Vicksburg Why it is Important
The capture of Vicksburg, Mississippi, was vital to the north to allow them regain control over the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in half. Ulysses S Grant’s campaign to take the city lasted eight months
The siege was so brutal that for the next 81 years the citizens of Vicksburg would refuse to celebrate Independence Day on July 4th

21. Total War Sherman’s March to the sea.
 His forces destroyed military targets as well as industry, infrastructure, and civilian property and disrupted the South's economy and its transportation networks.

24. Major Political Events
The Emancipation Proclamation
The Gettysburg Address

25. Emancipation Proclamation
It freed the slaves only in states that have seceded from the Union.
It did not free slaves in border states.
It prevented Great Britain and France from siding with the south

26. Gettysburg Address
The address delivered at the dedication of the cemetery at Gettysburg, November 19, 1863

27. The Surrender
April 3, Grant took Richmond Va. - final blow to Lee's army
Lee surrenders on April 9, 1865 at APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE
All Confederate troops forced to take an oath of loyalty to U.S.
otherwise, terms of surrender were lenient
Lincoln did not want a humiliated South and further conflict
Issue of states' rights now "solved"- federal government had asserted its status