1. Warm Up Congress of Vienna Notes
Purpose of the Congress of Vienna:
Conservatism:
Liberalism:
Principle of Legitimacy:
Principle of Intervention:
Liberator of Argentina:
Liberator of Venezuela:

2. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

3. Began in Great Britain in the late 1700s
Changes in technology led to the switch from human and animal power to machines doing the work

4. Contributing Factors Increase in the food supply
This was due mainly to the Agricultural Revolution, where new inventions and better livestock breeding methods led to more food being produced with less amounts of labor
Poor farmers now moved to the cities looking for jobs
Population grew and created a large workforce
Had a ready supply of money (capital) to invest in industrial machines and factories

5. Lots of natural resources: coal, iron ore
Large supply of materials and markets from colonies
Huge empire and the largest and most powerful navy in the world
Great Britain was politically stable
Factors of production
Capital, Entrepreneur, Land, Labor

7. Changes in Textile Production
Textile = cloth-making, mostly from wool or cotton
Cottage Industry
Prior to the Industrial Revolution, work such as textile production was done by individuals in their rural homes
Merchants would drop off the raw materials and then come back later for the finished product

9. Finally James Watt improved the steam engine, which used steam to drive machinery
Coal was used to heat water to produce steam
Factories no longer had to be located near water
Many factories were now built in cities and near roads and ports
Other uses for the steam engine
Robert Fulton developed the steamship
Steam engines also used to power locomotives

12. The Clermont dimensions
Length: 43m (142 ft.)
Max width: 4.3m (14 ft.)
Max. height: 19m (62 ft.)
Draught: 4.8 m (15 ft. 9 in)
Displacement: 1,210 tons
Average Speed: 4.7 miles per hour
Time saved: 150 miles in thirty-two hours
sailing schooner time: 4 Long Days according to wind and tides.

13. The Clermonts side paddle wheels were 4 feet (1
The Clermonts side paddle wheels were 4 feet (1.2 meters) wide and 15 feet (4.6 meters) in diameter. After the rebuilding, the Clermont was 149 feet (45.4 meters) long and 18 feet (5.5 meters) wide.

17. Coal and Iron Industries
The success of the steam engine increased the need for coal and led to an expansion in coal production
Steam engines required immense amounts of fuel to heat water
By 1800 Britain produced 80% of Europe’s coal

18. Railroads Important to the success of the Industrial Revolution
More efficient means of transporting goods and resources
Less expensive transportation led to lower-priced goods
Entrepreneurs could reinvest profits into new equipment – ongoing economic growth
Created new jobs – both on the trains themselves, building the railroads, and rest stops

19. Working in Factories The factory created a new labor system
Factory owners wanted to use their new machines constantly
Workers forced to work in shifts
Had to create a system of work discipline
Factory work was divided into several separate parts and each worker was assigned one task that was easy to learn
Even children could easily learn it
Factory work was dangerous
No safety protection from the massive machines, no worker’s compensation

21. Pg. 642

22. Long work hours – from 12 to 16 hours a day, six days a week, only lunch break (no other breaks)
Bad conditions, no minimum wage, no job security, noisy, and poor sanitation
If you don’t like it, there are many people who will take your place since they need the money

25. Factory Towns Whole towns grew up around the factories
Families lived in shoddy, crowded buildings with cramped quarters
Some neighborhoods in Manchester had only two toilets for every 250 people
Lots of pollution – soot filled the air from burning coal, the smoke also contained other poisonous chemicals
Destroyed lungs and nature
Factory towns were highly unsanitary, disease spread rapidly, and many died
Six out of every ten children died before the age of 5

26. Social Impact Growth of cities
People moved from farms to cities for jobs
Pitiful living conditions – cholera, tuberculosis
Two new social classes – growth of the middle class
Most of the workers were women and children
They were cheaper to pay then men
Factory work seen as “women’s work”

27. Pg. 644

28. Warm Up What invention brings faster shipments of goods?
Where was the first factory built in the US?
Three positives and three negatives of factories:
Who worked in the factories and why?
What 2 social classes did factories create?
Define Mass Production:
Advantage of identical parts:
Founder of Communism:

29. Process of Mass Production
In the U.S., one change that occurred to the factory system was the development of mass production
Mass production = the system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items
Elements of mass production include interchangeable parts and the assembly line
Interchangeable parts = identical machine-made parts
Assembly line = the product moves from worker to worker, as each one performs a step in the manufacturing process
With this new division of labor system, workers can make many items quickly at a more affordable cost

30. Responses to the Industrial Revolution
Socialism
The horrible working conditions created by the Industrial Revolution led to a movement known as socialism
Socialists, such as Robert Owen, believed that for the good of all, society or the gov’t should own property and control industry

31. Karl Marx and Communism
Communism = a system of social organization in which all property is held in common
Hated capitalism and against private property
Karl Marx wrote the Communist Manifesto in 1848
He believed that all of world history was a “history of class struggles”
Marx believed that the proletariat would rise up and overthrow the bourgeoisie in a violent revolution
This would lead ultimately to a classless society in which gov’t would no longer be needed and capitalism would collapse

34. Labor Unions
People formed unions to try to gain better working conditions, less hours, and higher pay
Labor union = organizations representing workers’ interests
Unions will make considerable progress in making the living and working conditions better
Parliament also passed laws that limited work hours for adults and children
Factory Act of 1833 – children had to be older than nine to be able to work in factories