1. Gilded Age: Urbanization
Chapter 7-1, 2, 4

2. Characteristics of Cities During the Gilded Age
Rapidly expanding outward and upward
Improved transportation networks
Economic and Cultural center
Distinct social classes
New opportunities for women
Poor living conditions for many
Political machine-run governments
Ethnic neighborhoods
Segregation

3. Urban Expansion
Industrial revolution changed how and where people worked
U.S. population in 1900 = ___________________
Urban population _________________
Agricultural innovations forced thousands of farmers into the cities
Glitter of cities attracted thousands
Factories move to the cities
Urbanization:

4. Cities grow upward and outward!
Improved transportation allows cities to grow outward
Electric _____________
Trains
___________________
Over 5 billion ride a year!

5. ________________ Improved technologies allow for skyscrapers
Improvements in _______________ construction
_______________

6. City Pattern Center: Poorest areas (________________)
Was previously middle class
Usually near ___________________
Unsanitary
Working class, middle class and rich made rings around center of cities
Transportation innovations (streetcars, trolleys, subways) allowed wealthier to move out of city
Neighborhoods usually ___________________________________

7. “Dumbell” Tenement

8. Problems in the cities ________________________ from factories
Cities could not keep up with population growth
Lacked services like garbage pick-up, had inadequate sewage, etc.
_______________ were a problem
Lack of _______________________
Tenements were usually unsafe
Fire, natural disaster, etc. could cause millions in damage and death to many
Slums:

9. Impact on City Government
Rapid urban growth taxed ability of local governments to provide services
Party Bosses
Gave jobs, favors to poor and immigrants for votes
Positive: Did help __________________
Negative: corruption and offended _________________________________

10. “____________ Immigration”
_______________ immigrants came to U.S.
75% moved to Northeast
Growing number from ___________________ (Italy, Poland, Russia, Austria-Hungary, Greece, Turkey, Syria) etc.
Made up 40% of immigrants during this era
60% were still “Old Immigrants” (Western European countries such as Britain, Germany, Ireland)

11. LIFE IN THE NEW LAND
In the late 19th century most immigrants arrived via boats
The trip from Europe took about a month, while it took about 3 weeks from Asia
The trip was arduous and many died along the way
Destination was Ellis Island for Europeans, and Angel Island for Asians 11

12. ELLIS ISLAND, NEW YORK
Ellis Island was the arrival point for ______________immigrants
They had to pass inspection
Sick were sent home
Immigrants also had to show that they were not criminals, had some money ($25), and were able to work
From , 17 million immigrants passed through Ellis Island’s facilities 12

13. ANGEL ISLAND, SAN FRANCISCO
__________, primarily Chinese, arriving on the West Coast gained admission at Angel Island in the San Francisco Bay
Processing was much harsher than Ellis Island 13

14. Asians and Latin Americans
Many worked on railroads
Performed hardest and dirtiest work
By 1880, __________ Asian immigrants in U.S.
9% of California’s population
Asians: usually stayed ______________
Latin Americans: moved to _________________

15. Nativism
“New Immigrant”, Asian and Latin American immigrants faced __________________
__________________________
Seen as more “un-American”
Many Americans felt they could not be ______________ into American culture
Many cultural and religious differences
Would work for lower wages
Usually performed the worst jobs
_______________ were usually anti-immigration
_______________ preyed upon them

16. __________________ (1882)
Gov’t laws restricting immigration
Forbade the immigration of Chinese for a number of years
1898: __________________: Supreme Court ruled 14th Amendment guaranteed citizenship to all persons born in U.S. giving protection to Chinese Americans.

17. Urban Reform Movement Inspired by: _______________________
Corruption in _______________________

18. Social Gospel Movement
Church membership increased dramatically in late 1800s
Social betterment tied to salvation
Believed people had the duty to help improve the lives of the ________________________________
Charles Sheldon (1897)- __________________________
Wanted to ban _________________________
Felt it was unsafe
Children should be in _____________________
Also a force behind the growing Prohibition movement
Prohibition:

19. __________________ Settlement house movement _____________ (1889)
Use religious ideas to deal with poverty, social ills
Primary focus:
Provide daycare, education and healthcare to poor

20. ____________: How the Other Half Lived (1890)

21. Life of Middle Class
Improvements in industry raised the standard of living for many
Able to purchase more _____________

22. Higher Education
Improved industry meant new careers demanding _______________________________________
Lawyers, bankers, architects, insurance agents, managers
Number of public high schools
__________ in 1870
__________ in 1900
Number of kids going to school ______________ ( )
Graduation from ____________________________
53,000 in 1870
101,000 in 1900

23. Newspaper Industry Booms
_____________
Increased education meant increased _______________
Two newspaper giants at the turn of the century.
___________________

24. Advertisements Advertisers used newspapers to sell products
Development of __________________
People could order goods through the ________________
Sears catalog

25. Leisure Growing cities provided parks, museums, amusement parks
Coney Island
World’s Fairs
Usually only enjoyed by the upper and middle classes
Growth of ___________________
Baseball was very popular
_________ and movies

26. Two Popular New York Destinations
Coney Island (log flume) and Central Park

27. Working Class
Number of unskilled workers growing and threatening skilled workers
Gap between rich and poor _______________
Top 10% had 73% of wealth in 1890
Number of unskilled workers, making less money, is increasing

28. Women and children in work force
Working class children worked
_____% of Philadelphia’s children quit school by 14 in 1900
____% of women in work force
Wages in 1900 for factory worker
Skilled woman: $____ a week
Unskilled male: $____ a week

29. New Freedoms for Women
Image of ideal woman at turn of the century: __________________
Several states granted women _______ rights
Increases in athletic activity
Now organizations and charities
1900: _____% of college grads

30. Women Continued
Job opportunities still usually limited to ______________________________________
Very little chance to change standing without the right to ___________________

31. NAWSA
Formation of National American Woman Suffrage Assoc. (NAWSA) by ______________________________________
_____________ is only territory to give suffrage (1890)
National amendment will not be passed until __________________.