1. Militarism Nationalism Imperialism

2. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
Militarism…
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1914 94
130
154
268
289
398
Increase in Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%

3. Imperialism

4. Nationalism

5. VS. Allied Powers: Central Powers: Great Britain Germany Austria-
Hungary
France
VS.
Ottoman
Empire
Russia
Italy
Bulgaria

7. Review!
What events led up to the U.S. entering WWI?

8. VS. Allied Powers: Central Powers: Great Britain Germany France
Austria-
Hungary
Russia
Ottoman
Empire
Italy
Bulgaria
USA

9. WWI US
Homefront

10. Unemployment disappears Ration (limit) amount of food/fuel per person
Economic Impact
War Industries Board Oversaw production in factories/on farms (weapons, food, uniforms)
Production inc 20%
Unemployment disappears
Ration (limit) amount of food/fuel per person
a. Prohibition: 18th Amendment: alcohol made illegal because grain needed to feed soldiers

11. Economic Impact
Mass production: factories need to become more efficient to produce for the war
Gov’t involves itself MORE with production, monitored how crops were transported on trains, encourage farmers to produce more, set prices
Free enterprise was reduced to meet needs
Industries forced to change what they made to provide for soldiers (dress makers > uniforms)

12. Women’s Roles Change: Men away at war, women enter the workforce
Social Impact
Women’s Roles Change: Men away at war, women enter the workforce
Worked on railroads, in factories, telegraph operations, and other jobs typically done by men
Showing American society their economic and political worth transforms the social landscape…

13. Racial tensions prevail
Social Impact
New Job opportunities
Great Migration - 500,000 African Americans move North
13,000 women join the Navy
Racial tensions prevail
Army remains segregated

14. African-Americans on a Troop Ship Headed for France

15. General John J. Pershing
“We must not eat with them, must not shake hands with them, seek to talk to them or to meet with them outside the requirements of military service. We must not commend too highly these troops, especially in front of white Americans”

16. Racial tensions prevail
Social Impact
New Job opportunities
Great Migration - 500,000 African Americans move North
13,000 women join the Navy
Racial tensions prevail
Army remains segregated
Red Summer - violent race riots in 26 cities
i. End of war  job competition

18. Ghastly Deeds of Race Rioters Told: The Chicago Defender Reports the Chicago Race Riot, 1919
“An unidentified man, young woman and a 3 month old baby were found dead on the street at the intersection of 47th street and Wentworth avenue. She had attempted to board a car there when the mob seized her, beat her, slashed her body into ribbons and beat the Baby’s brains out against a telegraph pole. Not satisfied with this, one rioter severed her breasts and a white youngster bore it aloft on pole, triumphantly, while the crowd hooted gleefully. All the time this was happening, several policemen were in the crowd, but did not make any attempt to make rescue until too late.”

20. Espionage Act: illegal to interfere with foreign relations
Political Impact
Sedition Act: illegal to say anything negative about the gov, constitution, army, or navy
Espionage Act: illegal to interfere with foreign relations
Selective Service Act authorized the federal government to raise a national army through mandatory enlistment (DRAFT!)

21. Eugene V. Debs Eugene V Debs = American union leader
founder of Industrial Workers of the World (socialist labor union)
arrested for anti-war speech
Outspoken Socialist (leftist): social ownership and democratic control of the means of production; production is for NEED, not profit. (communism is extreme form of socialism)
Red Scare

22. Eugene V. Debs
“To hell with war, to hell with all who crave it. When masters rule the world no more, we’ll needs no wars to save it.”
Those who produce should have, but we know that those who produce the most – that is, those who work the hardest, and at the most difficult and most menial task, have the least

23. 3. 19th Amendment = women’s suffrage
Political Impact
3. 19th Amendment = women’s suffrage
Carrie Chapman Catt = President of National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
Alice Paul = President of National Women’s Party (NWP)