1. Chapter 2: Exploration and Expansion 1400-1700

2. Section 1: Voyages of Discovery
Foundations of Exploration
Renaissance – spirit of discovery and innovation inspired voyages (Age of Exploration)
Motives:
no middlemen
Wealth
Spices, silk, perfume, and jade
Fame and Glory
Spread Faith
Introduce new populations to Christian teachings
Curiosity
Writers by Medieval travel like Marco Polo
The
 people
 are
 Idolaters;
 and
 since
 they
 were
 conquered
 by
 the
 Great
 Kaan
 they
 use

paper‑money.
 [Both
 men
 and
 women
 are
 fair
 and
 comely,
 and
 for
 the
 most
 part
 clothe

themselves
in
silk,
so
vast
is
the
supply
of
that
material,
both
from
the
whole
district
of
Kinsay,
and
from
the
imports
by
traders
from
other
provinces.]
And
you
must
know
that
they
eat
every

kind
 of
 flesh,
 even
 that
 of
 dogs
 and
 other
 unclean
 beasts,
 which
 nothing
 would
 induce
 a

Christian
to
eat.

3. Advances in technology
compass (shows North direction)
astrolabe (calculate locations based on position of sun and stars)
shipbuilding
lower in water, larger cargo holds
caravel
light, fast sailing ship
steered from rear (rudder)
triangular sails (lateen sails)
equipped w/ weapons – cannons
Larger cargo hold makes it stable at sea
Start at 3:18

4. Explorers from Portugal
Portugal and Spain shared Iberian Peninsula started Euro. Exploration
Iberian peninsula map
Portugal
1st country
Begun by Prince Henry – Henry the Navigator
patron, supporter
established court for explorers
islands in Atlantic and West African Coast
gold and slaves (Eventually took slaves from West Africa, but did not originally explore the coast seeking them)
main goal – water route –around Africa to India for spices
Bartolomeu Dias – Cape of Good Hope
Vasco da Gama – reached India
established trading centers/networks

5. The Spanish 1492 financed Columbus Amerigo Vespucci concluded not Asia
Thought he could sail west to China
predicted earth’s size wrong
did not know about Americas
arrived in San Salvador, thought India, called them Indians
returned with parrots, jewels, gold, plants, natives (Christianity)
four voyages
Amerigo Vespucci concluded not Asia
Vasco Nunez de Balboa – Isthmus of Panama – 1st to see Pacific
Ferdinand Magellan – 1st to circumnavigate
5 ships, 250  18 returned

6. Explorers from the Rest of Europe
English, French, Dutch follow
English – New England – U.S.
1497 John Cabot – two voyages – claimed New England for the English, but did not return from second voyage.
Sir Francis Drake – southern tip of S.A., California, around the top but bad weather sent him west (2nd to circumnavigate)
Henry Hudson (English born) – hoped to find NE passage
French – New France - Canada
Jacques Cartier – St. Lawrence River
Dutch
Henry Hudson – Hudson River (New York today), Hudson Bay