1. European Explorers In North America
5th Grade Review

2. Spain, France, and England great riches spread Christianity empires
Name the three European countries that were in competition to extend their influence and power to the newly discovered continent of North America. _______________________________
Each of these three countries were motivated by the promise of ____________, a desire to ________________________, and a drive to expand their __________ and _______________. These are also known as competitive forces.
As the European explorers set out to claim the vast lands of North America, they faced many obstacles. Name the four major obstacles they faced:
1). __________________________________
2). __________________________________
3). __________________________________
4). __________________________________
Name the three major accomplishments of these European explorers.
1). _________________________________________________________________
2). _________________________________________________________________
3). _________________________________________________________________
Spain, France, and England
great riches
spread Christianity
empires
cultures
Poor maps and navigational tools
A lack of adequate supplies
Disease and starvation
Fear of the unknown
An exchange of ideas and goods between Europeans and Indians
Improved navigational tools and ships
The major European powers claimed huge areas of land

3. The Mariner's Astrolabe was used to determine the latitude of a ship at sea by measuring the noon altitude of the Sun or the meridian altitude of a star of known declination.
It was not possible to determine longitude at sea in the early days of transoceanic navigation, but it was quite easy to determine latitude. To go to a place of known latitude, the ship was sailed to that latitude and then sailed east or west along the latitude line until the place was reached.

4. Cabot explored eastern Canada for England!
  John Cabot
In 1497, Italian navigator John Cabot sailed from England (sponsor country) to North America. He was trying to find a Northwest Passage to Asia. Cabot explored the coasts of present-day Labrador and Newfoundland in eastern Canada.

5. Coronado claimed land in the southwestern U.S. for Spain!
       Explorations of Coronado
Spanish explorer Francisco Vásquez de Coronado led one of the earliest European expeditions to the Colorado River region in 1540 and Coronado was in search of gold or other riches that were rumored to exist in the legendary Seven Cities of Cibola, which were thought to be located in the Southwest. Members of Coronado’s party did not find the Seven Cities, but they probably did become the first Europeans to view the Grand Canyon.

6. Champlain established the French settlement of Quebec!
Samuel de Champlain
Samuel de Champlain was a French explorer who, in 1608, founded the Canadian city of Québec as a fur-trading post. Champlain befriended the Algonquin and Hurons in the area. With a party of indigenous peoples and two French companions, Champlain led a raid on the Iroquois, who were defeated largely because the Europeans had firearms.

7. Sieur de La Salle Claims Louisiana Territory
LaSalle claimed the Mississippi River Valley for France!
Sieur de La Salle Claims Louisiana Territory
Sieur de La Salle settled in Canada in La Salle received a land grant near Montréal and entered the fur trade. He also began exploring the North American continent. During an expedition on the Mississippi River in 1682, La Salle claimed the entire Mississippi Valley for France, naming the territory Louisiana.

8. Areas of Cooperation between the Europeans
Areas of Conflict
between the Europeans
Farm animals
Transportation of firearms and farm tools (technologies)
Trade
Desire of English to spread Christianity
Crops
Land
Competition for trade
Disease
Language differences

9. Cultural Interactions of Each European Ethnicity: Spanish
Conquered and enslaved Indians
Brought Christianity to the New World
Introduced European diseases into the New World

10. Cultural Interactions of Each European Ethnicity: French
Established trading posts in the New World
Spread Christianity

11. Cultural Interactions of Each European Ethnicity: English
Established settlements and claimed ownership of land
Learned farming techniques from American Indians
Traded

12. Timeline
England
Made two voyages under English flag. Explored Cape Breton Island and Nova Scotia; also sailed along E and W coasts of Greenland, E coast of Labrador, W coast of Baffin Island, and a portion of S coast of Newfoundland.
John Cabot
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
Spain
Traced Colorado R. northward, and sighted Grand Canyon; explored S California, New Mexico, N Arizona, N Texas, Oklahoma, and E Kansas.
France
Traced course of Saint Lawrence R. northward to Lachine Rapids above Montréal, explored the E coast of North America S from Nova Scotia to Vineyard Haven, founded and named Québec, and explored Lake Champlain.
Samuel de Champlain
Sieur de La Salle
France
1682
Traced Mississippi R. to its mouth in Gulf of Mexico