1. Unit 6 Test Review

2. Imperialism
Imperialism = The policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of making colonies.
Europe was an imperial/colonial power of Europe
Europeans were first interested in Africa because they wanted the slave labor.
The only two countries not colonized by the Europeans were Ethiopia and Liberia
Europe colonized Africa to: protect transportation routes, collect natural resources, bring Christianity, and grow prestige.
Europe was interested in natural resources: Gold, Rubber, Platinum, and Diamonds

3. Effects of imperialism
To avoid conflict between the European nations, the Berlin Conference (1885) resulted in artificial political boundaries throughout Africa.
This created conflict and eventually Civil War between rival ethnic and religious groups (think Rwanda)
Direct Rule vs. Indirect Rule
Direct Rule: The Europeans lived in their colonies and oversaw the administration
Indirect Rule: The Euro’s used local people to help administer the colony
Positives of Imperialism  Improved roads and railroads

4. Pan-Africanism
The Pan-African Movement began as a reaction to the terrible experiences of colonial rule and the desire for the people of African descent, no matter where they lived in the world, to think of Africa as a homeland.
Early pioneer of the Pan-African Movement: W.E.B. Du Bois
Pan-Africanism eventually led to the creation of the African Union which wanted to accomplish:
Build strong economies in Africa
Encourage democracy for the newly independent countries
Safeguard human rights
Civil Rights
Stopping Genocide
Humanitarian efforts (clean water, stop spread of disease)

5. Independence
After helping many European nations in WWII, many Africans believed the Euro’s were inconsistent with their fight against oppression and for freedom.
During the time of WWII, increased NATIONALISM began to grow in Africa
Nationalism: Demand for self-rule, strong feeling of loyalty to a country.

6. Nigeria’s Independence
Nigeria vs. kenya
Nigeria’s Independence
Kenya’s Independence
Gained from Great Britain In 1960 Peacefully
Since gaining independence Nigeria has suffered from violence, coups, and Civil War
Gained from Great Britain In Violently
Uprising started by the Mau Mau
First leader was Jomo Kenyatta
Kenya has since enjoyed relative peace within it’s nation

7. Apartheid Apartheid: South African policy of separation of races.
Result of Apartheid: Although the majority population, black South Africans suffered the most under Apartheid
South Africans formed the African National Congress (ANC) in order to unite South Africans to fight for greater civil rights for blacks.
Nelson Mandela
Activist and former leader of the ANC
Imprisoned for 27 years for protesting Apartheid
First democratically elected, and black, leader of South Africa
F.W. de Klerk
Was the white president who brought the policies of Apartheid to an end