1. How nutrients become you
Chapter 3

2. What are the similarities and differences between a car and a person?
A person requires:
Fluid: Water
Energy Source: Carbohydrates, fat, and protein
Maintenance: vitamin and minerals
A car requires:
Fluid: Water, coolants
Energy Source: fuel
Maintenance: lubricants

3. What nutrients does an apple provide?
Why would an unlimited supply of this one food source not sustain life?

4. The Six Nutrient Groups
There are 6 nutrients your body needs
Carbohydrates
Fats
Protein
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
Each nutrient has a specific job to perform in the body
Each nutrient is vital to good health. Without an adequate supply of each, your risk of various health problems increases

5. The Chemistry of Nutrition
Elements are the simplest substances from which all matter is formed
Matter is anything that takes up space and has a measurable quantity
An atom is the smallest part of an element that can enter into a chemical reaction
A molecule is the smallest amount of a substance that has all the characteristics of the substance. Consists of two or more atoms that are bonded together
When atoms of different elements are bonded together a compound is formed
Five of the basic nutrient groups--carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and vitamins– are compounds. Minerals are elements.
There are at least 25 chemical elements involved in health and nutrition. Can you identify them?

7. Answers Those found in vitamins, water, and energy-yielding nutrients:
Hydrogen (H)
Carbon( C)
Nitrogen (N)
Oxygen (O)
Major Minerals:
Sodium (Na)
Magnesium (Mg)
Phosphorus (P)
Sulfur (S)
Chlorine (Cl)
Potassium (K)
Calcium (Ca)
Trace Minerals
Fluorine (F)
Chromium (Cr)
Manganese (Mn)
Iron (Fe)
Copper (Cu)
Zinc (Zn
Selenium (Se)
Molybdenum (Mo)
Iodine (I)

8. Functions of Nutrients
Essential nutrients from food are used to:
Build and repair tissues
Regulate all body processes
Provide energy
When your body is performing all these functions in harmony, your potential for optimum wellness increases

9. The Energy Value of Food
The energy value of food is measured in units called kilocalories, also called calories.
A kilocalorie is the amount of heat needed to raise one kilogram of water one degree Celsius.
Only 3 of the 6 nutrients provide energy: Carbohydrates, fat, and protein
Carbs and fat are your body’s main source of energy
Proteins may also be used but your body prefers to save it for other vital functions
Vitamins, minerals, and water help regulate the release of energy from the other nutrients
If just one nutrient is missing in the diet, energy release will be hindered.

10. Determining Energy Values
Carbohydrates: 4 calories of energy
Protein: 4 calories of energy
Fat: 9 calories of energy
Water, vitamin, and minerals do not provide energy, therefore they have no calorie content.
How to Determine Energy Values of Food (activity)

11. Digestion
Your body cannot use food directly to perform vital life functions
Instead, the body must break down food to obtain nutrients needed for growth, repair, maintenance, and energy
Digestion is the process by which your body breaks down food, and the nutrients in food, into simpler substances.

12. Absorption of Nutrients & Metabolism
Absorption is the passage of nutrients from the digestive tract into the circulatory or lymphatic system
Most nutrients pass through the wall of the small intestine
Once nutrients are absorbed, the circulatory system takes over
All the chemical changes that occur as cells produce energy and materials needed to sustain life are known as metabolism
During metabolism cells make some compounds to use as energy and some to store for later use
Waste produced from cell metabolism leaves the body through urine, breathing, and perspiration

13. Factors Affecting Digestion & Absorption
Eating Habits
Not eating enough
Diet lacks variety
Eating too much too quickly
Eating large portions
Consuming contaminated foods
Make-up of a meal (fats take longest to digest while carbs and protein digest quicker)
Emotions
Fear, anger, tension, stress, anxiety can lead to digestive issues
Make a point to reduce stress and tension while eating to avoid digestive issues

14. Factors Affecting Digestion & Absorption
Food Allergies and Intolerances
Allergies are a reaction of your body’s immune system to certain proteins found in food (such as peanuts, eggs, soybeans, shellfish)
Intolerances do not cause an immune system response but still cause an unpleasant reaction to certain foods (such as dairy products for people who are lactose intolerant)
Physical Activity
Helps aid in digestion by helping food move through the GI tract
Builds healthy muscles and organs

15. Digestive Disorders
Most people experience digestive disorders from time to time
Although medications are available, they aren’t always needed
To avoid problems, focus on eating a nutritious diet including fiber from fresh fruits and vegetables and whole grain products.
It is important that we recognize when our bodies aren’t functioning properly and understand what to do
Common digestive issues include:
Diarrhea
Constipation
Indigestion
Heartburn
Ulcer
Gallstones
Diverticulosis

16. What could be wrong?
Each team will be given a common digestive issue. As a group, come up with a short story about someone suffering from this condition. Make sure you explain they developed the issue. DO NOT say the word in your story.
We will trade stories and practice identifying digestive disorders and how to tend to them