1. History of Diagnostic Medicine
Ms. Maury Rich, RN,BSN
August 16,

2. Bell Work Remember to write question. Answer the best you can.
What is diagnostics?
Name 3 diagnostic tools?
Where do diagnostic professionals work?

3. At the end of this standard I CAN:
Standard 3: Investigate and document the history of radiology, medical laboratories, and other areas of diagnostic medicine. Explain how technology is influencing the future of each area.
At the end of this standard I CAN:
Identify major advancements in dx medicine and place them in chronological order through use of a timeline
Actively participate in class discussion during lecture to explain how technology influences diagnostic medicine
Select one diagnostic tool and trace the advancement of the tool through group collaboration

4. What is diagnostics? adjective
1. of, relating to, or used in diagnosis.
2. serving to identify or characterize; being a precise indication.
a device or substance used for the analysis or detection of diseases or other medical conditions.
A medical professional in the field of diagnostic medicine has the assignment to accurately classify symptoms, detect a patient's disease and to find the best available treatment option for the given illness.

5. Ancient times
Diseases and illness were thought to be a punishment from the gods
Caused by evil spirits and demons
Used herbs and plants as medicine
Priests acted as physicians and treated sick people in the temple
Make up of the body was unknown
Hippocrates is now knows as the “Father of Medicine” due to his hypothesis that nutrition and cleanliness prevents illness and disease
They used herbs and plants as medicines
Foxglove plant – contains digitalis that strengthens and slows the heart beat
Quinine comes from the cark of a tree that controls fever, muscle spasms and prevents malaria
Morphine made from the opium poppy.
Hippocrates wrote the standard of ethics called the Oath of Hippocrates that Physcians still take today

6. Middle ages (a.d.800-1400) Interest in medical practices grew
Medical universities were established in the 9th century
An outbreak of bubonic plague in the 1300s resulted in the death of 75% of the people in Europe and Asia
Became apparent that diseases are contagious and quarantine laws were enacted

7. The Renaissance (a.d )
The “Rebirth of the science of medicine”
Human dissection to view body organs
Artists took strong interest
Medical thermometer devised by Italian physician Sanctorius
First diagnostic tool

8. Leonardo Da Vinci’s work

9. 16th, 17th, 18th Centuries
Knowledge regarding the human body greatly increased
Microscope developed by Janssen
Microscope improved upon by Leeuwenhoek
Followed by Hooke

10. 19th Century Rene Laennec invented the stethoscope
Louis Pasteur known as the “father of Microbiology”
Proved microorganisms cause disease
Discovered pasteurization kills bacteria in milk
Robert Koch
Created the culture plate
Identified germ causing TB
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered
X-Rays in 1895.
First stethoscope was made of wood and increased ability to hear the heart and lungs.
Wilhem took a picture using x-rays of his wife’s hand.

11. Video
1. Cathotube

12. 20th Century
Chest x-ray allowed for early detection of TB

13. 20th Century 1906: First x-ray contrast medium
1910: Barium sulfate introduction for GI diagnosis
1910: Theory of Radioactivity published by Marie Curie
1912: Investigation of x-ray radiation for patient therapy

14. 20th Century
1906; Electrocariodgraph (ECG/EKG) invented by Willem Einthoven

15. EKG Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZoGfQM5JCnI
How long does an ECG take?
What do you confirm before doing any procedure?
How many stickers/leads do you put on the patient?
When placing leads on a female patient, always place leads V3-V6 where?

16. 20th Century
1929: First cardiac catheterization performed by Forssmann on himself
1945:Coronary artery imaging allowing visualization of blood vessels that feed the heart

17. Cardiac Catheterization Video

18. AGENDA – DAY 2 Bell Work Review
Cardiac Catheterization by THE Omega Epperson
History Lecture Continued, 20th Century
Create a timeline!

19. Bell Work Who discovered the X-Ray in 1895?
Bones are dense because full of what _____________.
There is a small chance X-rays can cause mutations in______________ and tissues like _________________.
What protective wear do you use to block X-rays?
__________________ uses a cone of X-rays rotated around patient, giving a cross sectional view.
What is another name for Cardiac Catheterization?
What areas of body are used for insertion point of Cardiac Catheterization?

20. Review Ancient Times Middle Ages Renaissance 16, 17, 18 century
19th Century
20th Century

21. At the end of this standard I CAN:
Standard 3: Investigate and document the history of radiology, medical laboratories, and other areas of diagnostic medicine. Explain how technology is influencing the future of each area.
At the end of this standard I CAN:
Identify major advancements in dx medicine and place them in chronological order through use of a timeline
Actively participate in class discussion during lecture to explain how technology influences diagnostic medicine
Select one diagnostic tool and trace the advancement of the tool through group collaboration

22. Ancient times
Diseases and illness were thought to be a punishment from the gods
Caused by evil spirits and demons
Used herbs and plants as medicine
Priests acted as physicians and treated sick people in the temple
Make up of the body was unknown
Hippocrates is now knows as the “Father of Medicine” due to his hypothesis that nutrition and cleanliness prevents illness and disease
They used herbs and plants as medicines
Foxglove plant – contains digitalis that strengthens and slows the heart beat
Quinine comes from the cark of a tree that controls fever, muscle spasms and prevents malaria
Morphine made from the opium poppy.
Hippocrates wrote the standard of ethics called the Oath of Hippocrates that Physcians still take today

23. Middle ages (a.d.800-1400) Interest in medical practices grew
Medical universities were established in the 9th century
An outbreak of bubonic plague in the 1300s resulted in the death of 75% of the people in Europe and Asia
Became apparent that diseases are contagious and quarantine laws were enacted

24. The Renaissance (a.d )
The “Rebirth of the science of medicine”
Human dissection to view body organs
Artists took strong interest
Medical thermometer devised by Italian physician Sanctorius
First diagnostic tool

25. 16th, 17th, 18th Centuries
Knowledge regarding the human body greatly increased
Microscope developed by Janssen
Microscope improved upon by Leeuwenhoek
Followed by Hooke

26. 19th Century Rene Laennec invented the stethoscope
Louis Pasteur known as the “father of Microbiology”
Proved microorganisms cause disease
Discovered pasteurization kills bacteria in milk
Robert Koch
Created the culture plate
Identified germ causing TB
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered
X-Rays in 1895.
First stethoscope was made of wood and increased ability to hear the heart and lungs.
Wilhem took a picture using x-rays of his wife’s hand.

27. 20th Century
1929: First cardiac catheterization performed by Forssmann on himself
1945:Coronary artery imaging allowing visualization of blood vessels that feed the heart

28. 20th Century

29. 20th century 1950’s: Blood chemistry tests became readily available
Quickly ID infection V. Virus
Electrolyte imbalances
1950’s:Nuclear medicine developed making radiation within the patient instead of emitted from machine
1955: Panoramic x-ray of jaw

30. 20th Century
1960; Ultrasound imaging developed to look at the abdomen, kidneys, fetal baby, carotid blood vessels, and heart
1970: X-ray mammography finds widespread application in imaging the breasts

31. 20th Century
1972: Computed Tomography scanning invented

32. 20th Century 1976: Coronary angioplasty used
1980: Magnetic Resonance Imagine (MRI) first introduced
1985: Clinical Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanning developed allowing for 3D images

33. Present day
CT Angiography allows quick access to view of vessels without invasive procedure
Advanced medical imaging replacing exploratory surgery
Advancement in PET scanning and digital imaging allowing for early Cancer diagnosis
Bedside blood testing equipment allowing for instant treatment
REMEMBER DIAGNOSTICS=DIAGNOSIS

34. Understanding Timeline
A timeline is a method for picturing or seeing time. Historians take events and place them on a timeline. This shows the chronology of a span of time. By doing this, the relationship between events can be seen.
A KEY TO REMEMBER! If you’re trying to remember dates, thinking in terms of centuries can really be confusing. So, whenever you hear a time period given as a century, always translate the century into years in your head. For example: ■ When you see 14th century, think 1300’s ■ When you see 6th century, think 500’s

35. Create a Timeline Go to Web site and find Create a Timeline link
READ it!
Group 1: Ancient Times/Middle Ages – Ramsey, Preston, Omega
Group 2: 17th Century – Bailey, Kayla, Kortnie
Group 3: 18th Century- Hannah G, Cyndal, Madison
Group 4: 19th Century- Lindsey, Emma, Hallie
Group 5: 20th Century- McKenzie, Hanna C., Mac

36. Instructions
Pick out 7 items most interesting and relate to diagnostics in your era. Two of the items need to come from my PowerPoint on Web site.
Visually display numbers (in order)on timeline. Must have a picture to depict each item you choose. Your group will present timeline in class tomorrow!