1. Kwashiorkor
Syeda Fatma H. Bukhari

2. What is Kwashiorkor?
Kwashiorkor is an acute form of childhood protein-energy malnutrition
The name is derived from the Ga language of coastal Ghana, translated as “the sickness the baby gets when the new baby comes” or “the sickness of the weaning”
Alternative names are
Protein malnutrition
Protein-calorie malnutrition
Malignant malnutrition

3. Causes Low protein diet Famine Limited food supply Lack of education
This disease is more common in very poor countries. It often occurs during a drought or other natural disaster, or during political unrest. These conditions are responsible for a lack of food, which leads to malnutrition.
Food supply can also be limited due to natural disasters, political unrest, poverty etc.
Low protein diet
Famine
Limited food supply
Lack of education
Weaning of child from breast milk

4. Signs & Symptoms Changes in skin pigment and flaky skin
Hair changes (change in color or texture)
Decreased muscle mass
Large belly that sticks out (protrudes)
Diarrhea
Failure to gain weight and grow
Fatigue
Irritability
Lethargy or apathy
Rash (dermatitis)
Shock (late stage)
Swelling (edema)
Increased and more severe infections due to damaged immune system
Fatty liver due to impaired synthesis of B-lipoprotein

6. Possible Complications
Permanent mental and physical disability
Shock
Coma
Death

7. Diagnosis
The creatinine clearance test compares the level of creatinine in urine with the creatinine level in the blood. (Creatinine is a breakdown product of creatine, which is an important part of muscle.) The test helps provide information on kidney function.
The physical examination may show an enlarged liver (hepatomegaly) and general swelling.
Tests may include:
Arterial blood gas
BUN
Complete blood count (CBC)
Creatinine clearance
Serum creatinine
Serum potassium
Total protein levels
Urinalysis

8. Carbohydrates & simple sugars
Treatment
Immediate restoration of blood volume and maintenance of blood pressure
Getting more calories and protein
SLOW reintroduction of food
Vitamin and mineral supplements
Lactase enzyme
Carbohydrates & simple sugars
Fats
Proteins