1. Writing an Article about an Endangered Animal
Step Ahead
Book 4B Unit 5
Writing an Article about an Endangered Animal
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2. the factors affecting the writing of an article
In this lesson, you will learn about:
the factors affecting the writing of
an article
the organisation of an article
the features of an article
the writing process

3. What factors affect the writing of an article?

4. i.e. What is the text type? e.g. an article
The style and structure of writing is affected by three factors:
Genre
i.e. What is the text type? e.g. an article
Audience
Purpose
i.e. Who will read my writing?
e.g. members of the Environmental Society
i.e. Why am I writing?
e.g. to help readers appreciate endangered animals

5. members of the Environmental Society
What is the genre for this writing task?
an article
Who is the audience for this genre?
members of the Environmental Society
readers of the environmental magazine

6. to help readers appreciate endangered animals
What is the purpose of the article?
to help readers appreciate endangered animals
to spark readers’ concern for the conservation of wildlife
to let readers know how humans have affected an animal and its habitat

7. Exercise 1
Tick the sentence below which most likely comes from an article. 
1. I have to strongly disagree with Peter, who favours the hunting of whales. 
2. The state of North Carolina is taking the environmental threat to humans seriously.
2. The state of North Carolina is taking the environmental threat to humans seriously. 
3. I look forward to seeing the lovely pandas! 
4. In the end, Joe bought a lovely cat. ‘I’m going to give it to my daughter on her birthday,’ said Joe.

8. What does an article include?

9. a description of an endangered animal
An article includes:
a title
a description of an endangered animal
its characteristics and behaviour
 its habitat
 human impact on animal and its habitat

10. include name of the animal
Title:
include name of the animal
short but eye-catching
 indicates which animal
e.g.
Large flying fox seeks international protection 
a strong verb appeals to readers
e.g.
Monkeys’ minds can move matter
 indicates which animal
 alliteration to make the title easier to remember

11. its characteristics and behaviour
A description of an endangered animal:
its characteristics and behaviour
the use of its body parts
e.g.
The brightly coloured soldier crab has a small, round body, almost like a pearl. Unlike other crabs, it can use its legs to walk forwards as well as sideways. When the crab is under threat, it tends to bury itself or hide its claws and legs to pretend it is dead.
its habitat
e.g.
A number of micro-organisms can be found in the mud and sand on the beach. This provides the animal with food.

12. human impact on the animal
A description of an endangered animal:
human impact on the animal
relate human activities to the situation faced by the animal
e.g.
The number of Dalmatian Pelicans found has decreased drastically due to urban development. Factories discharge wastewater into the wetland, destroying the habitat of the bird.

13. What are the main features of an article about an endangered animal?

14. perfect tenses to talk about past actions related to present
In an article about an endangered animal, we use:
perfect tenses to talk about past actions related to present
connectives to link ideas together
topic sentences and supporting sentences to organise ideas

15. the present perfect tense: completed past actions related to present
We use perfect tenses to talk about past actions related to present:
the present perfect tense: completed past actions related to present
e.g.
The Fish and Wildlife Service has adopted a policy regulating trawling in the US waters.
the present perfect continuous tense: past actions but still in progress now
e.g.
Environmentalists have been monitoring the breeding cycle of green sea turtles since 1984.

16. showing reason: showing contrast showing condition
We use connectives to link ideas together:
showing reason:
e.g.
Because of the destruction of its habitat, the swan geese population has declined rapidly.
showing contrast
e.g.
Though it is called an Indian elephant, the mammal can also be found in Vietnam, Thailand and China.
showing condition
e.g.
The red wolf will not be able to survive unless special care is taken.

17. topic sentences carry the main idea of the paragraph
We use topic sentences and supporting sentences to organise ideas:
topic sentences carry the main idea of the paragraph
supporting sentences include facts and statistics
e.g.
Light pollution does harm to nocturnal animals. The neon-lit night sky over Mong Kok can be 500 times brighter than the darkest area in Hong Kong. In nature, the only source of light at night is the moon. With excess artificial light, the navigation systems of some creatures can easily be confused.

18. Exercise 2
Combine each pair of sentences with a suitable connective.
1. It is foggy and cold near the ocean. It is sunny and hot inland.
Ans.
While it is foggy and cold near the ocean, it is sunny and hot inland.
2. Most birds caught in an oil spill die. There is human intervention.
Ans.
Most birds caught in an oil spill die unless there is human intervention.
3. Light pollution makes some animals emerge from their shelters later. They have less time to hunt and reproduce.
Ans.
As light pollution makes some animals emerge frp, their shelters later, they have less time to hunt and reproduce.

19. The Writing Process 19

20. How do I generate ideas for an article about an endangered animal?

21. name classification body parts diet behaviour habitat reproduction
Make a list of basic information of the endangered animal:
name
classification
body parts
diet
behaviour
habitat
reproduction

22. Use note sheets to keep track of details:
Name: ___________________________________
Body parts: _______________________________
Adaptation to habitat: ______________________
__________________________________________
Behaviour related to survival: ________________
Why endangered: __________________________
How human activities affect its survival: _______
________________________________

23. trait Endangered animal behaviour habitat human impact diet
Use mind maps to help you list out details to be included in the article:
Click the subgroup for more ideas.
body part
size
colour
adaptation
trait
social/solitary
diurnal/nocturnal
courtship
lightness
temperature
humidity
landscape
Endangered animal
behaviour
habitat
human impact
diet
urbanisation
pollution
agriculture
prey/predator
hunting method
abundance

24. Behaviour Habitat Threat
Vocabulary
Common words used in an article about an endangered animal:
Behaviour
Habitat
Threat
breed
hibernate
mate
migrate
moult
navigate
ovulate
desert
grassland
mangrove
pond
sea ice
swamp
tundra
acid rain
desertification
flooding
global warming
pollution
starvation
wildfire 24

25. How do I write an article?

26. Pre-writing Drafting Editing Proofreading
-brainstorm ideas using mind maps, tables, etc.
-note down ideas, vocabulary 
Drafting
-use a flow chart to outline your writing plan
-draft your writing 
Editing
-re-read and examine your draft
-correct for ideas, organisation, style 
Proofreading
-proofread for spelling, grammar, punctuation
-correct any mistakes 
Finished product

27. Three factors affect writing: genre
Summary:
Three factors affect writing:
genre
audience
purpose
Organisation of an article:
a title
a description of an endangered animal

28. Features of an article: perfect tenses
Summary:
Features of an article:
perfect tenses
connectives
connectives
Generate ideas using:
lists
note sheets
mind maps

29. The writing process: pre-writing drafting editing proofreading
Summary:
The writing process:
pre-writing
drafting
editing
proofreading

30. Step Ahead
Book 4B Unit 5
The End