1. Energy in Nature

2. Where does the sugar come from?
Photosynthesis

3. What parts of the plant are involved in the reaction?
carbon
dioxide
water
glucose
oxygen +
sunlight
chlorophyll
6 CO2 +
6 H2O
C6H12O6 +
6 O2
from air
via stomata
in leaves
from soil
via roots
stored as
starch in leaves
released to air via stomata in leaves

4. Where in the plant cell does this process occur? The Chloroplast

5. What if you don’t have a Chloroplast?
You’re using the Sugars! But Where?

6. ·What kind of reaction is cellular respiration?
·For energy that cells can use to function
·Energy released by breaking bonds
C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(g) 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)
·What kind of reaction is cellular respiration?
The inner membrane is the site of
many cell resp reactions - why is it so folded?

7. Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

8. Think about it
What would happen if plant cells would not have cellular respiration? What happens when there isn’t sunlight for the plants to use?

9. Wait, How is Alcohol and Vinegar Created?
Anaerobic Respiration

10. Anaerobic Respiration Cellular Respiration without Oxygen
Some organisms can extract energy from glucose without oxygen. This is called anaerobic respiration. Instead of carbon dioxide, the by-products are substances such as methane (also called natural gas), vinegar, or hydrogen gas. In each of these cases, much of the chemical energy in glucose is lost in the by-products. Anaerobes almost always live in environments where oxygen is absent, but where there is lots of glucose or cellulose around.

11. Anaerobic Respiration

12. How is the energy Transferred in Nature? Plants
Solar Energy
Converter = Choloplast
Chemical Potential Energy

13. How is the energy Transferred in Nature? Animals
Chemical Energy
Converter = Mitochondria
Mechanical Energy

14. Comparing Photosynthesis to Combustion
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6H2O + 6CO2 + energy ATP – Cellular Respiration
How do they compare? 

15. How is energy converted from plants to animals?
The ecological pyramid.

16. Ecological Pyramids

17. How efficient is this transfer?
Only 10% of the energy from the previous source actually transfers up
Is this efficient? Explain using your knowledge about electrical efficiency

18. Humans and Energy Transfer
What is Homeostais?
Maintaining a balance in life

19. Adaptations our Body Has
Too Hot? Heat transfers out, perspiration
Too cold? Shivering

20. Metabolism The Rate of Energy Use
A high metabolism needs more energy, while a low metabolism requires less energy

21. Daily Temperature Changes
Complete activity on page 124
Analysis Questions completed as well!

22. Calories Energy found in food Proteins = 4calories/gram
Carbohydrates = 4 calories/gram
Fats = 9 calories/gram

23. Proteins Proteins are essential to all life.
A protein is a complex chemical substance formed by linking amino acid molecules together.
Amino acids are small water-soluble molecules that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
You can think of a protein as a string of beads, each of the beads being one amino acid. There are literally thousands of different proteins in the body, and all of them do different jobs.

24. Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are foods made from sugars. They come in several forms. The most basic carbohydrates are simple sugars.
Glucose is an example of a simple sugar. You can tell that there might be simple sugar in your food by its taste: definitely sweet.
Carbohydrates represent quick energy for the body. They are easy to digest, are absorbed quickly, and go straight to the cells that need them. If you need a quick energy boost during a tiring day, the best source is food rich in carbohydrates.

25. Fats
Fats are found in almost all our food, from pastry, to meats and dairy products, to nuts and seeds.
Like proteins and carbohydrates, fats are complex molecules formed from smaller subunits. In this case, the subunits are substances called fatty acids.
Fats are an essential part of our diet.
The fats found in our diet are sorted into two general categories, namely saturated fats (solid at room temperature), and unsaturated fats (liquid at room temperature).

26. Complete questions Pages 125-127
Complete the assigned questions to you and your group

27. Calculating Calories Example
A 30-g serving of shredded wheat contains 3.5 g of protein, 0.7 g of fat, and 24 g of carbohydrates. About how many calories are there in a serving of shredded wheat?
Solution
Write down what you know.
calories = ?
carbohydrates = 24 g
fats = 0.7 g
protein = 3.5 g

28. Calulating Calories Use the formula.
Calories = 4(carb grams)+ 9(fat grams) + 4(protein grams)
Do the Calorie Calculations for Wafer Bars, Potato Chips and Mixed Nuts.

29. What effects Metabolism?
Age – young children vs seniors
Time of Day – metabolism peaks in the morning at 10 AM
Exercise – increase of metabolism
Level of Fitness – high fitness = high metabolism
Complete questions reading pages 130/131

30. Energy in Snack Foods Pre-Lab
Be aware, working with flamable materials. Need hair back, and appropriate safety gear
Make sure all materials are extingushed before putting in the garbage
Clean the work area and wash your hands
See Pages 128/129 for Procedure

31. Recording Information
You must record your information in a table and complete the analysis questions
Observation: 6 Marks
Conclusion is worth 2 marks
Analysis
Graph 5 marks
1 and 2 worth 2 marks each
3 is one mark