1. Biology: Exploring Life
Chapter 1
Biology: Exploring Life

2. 13 August 2010 (1st period) Collect lab safety documents
Collect profiles (5pts)
Notebook check
Lecture:
1.1 – 1.2 HW
Review and fill in notes
Quiz Tuesday [1.1 – 1.5]

3. 13 August 2010 (3rd/4th) Collect lab safety documents
Read and Sign Academic contract
Review Wiki Website
Notebook check
Lecture:
1.1 – 1.5 Exploring Life HW
Complete, print and return student profile Tuesday
Print chapter objectives – be able to answer 1.1 – 1.
Quiz Tuesday over lectured material

4. 17 August 2010 (5rd/6th) Collect lab safety documents
Collect Student Profile
Lecture:
1.1 – 1.4 Exploring Life HW
chapter objectives – be able to answer 1.1 – 1.4
Quiz Wednesday over lectured material
Science Journal Entry: Life’s Level of Organization

5. A Big-Billed Bird Rebounds
A Big-Billed Bird Rebounds
Brown pelicans
Are part of the web of life in their environment

6. The brown pelicans’ proximity to humans
Has meant trouble for the species
The brown pelicans’ connection to the environment
Sets the stage for the study of biology

7. 1.1 Life’s levels of organization define the scope of biology
1.1 Life’s levels of organization define the scope of biology
Life’s structural hierarchy
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Florida coast
Community
All organisms on
the Florida coast
Population
Group of brown
pelicans
Organism
Brown pelican
Organ system
Nervous system
Organ
Brain
Tissue
Nervous tissue
Cell
Nerve cell
Organelle
Nucleus
Molecule
DNA
Atom
Spinal cord
Nerve
Figure 1.1

8. An ecosystem consists of all the organisms living in a
An ecosystem consists of all the organisms living in a
par ticular area
As well as the nonliving environmental components
All the living organisms in an ecosystem
Make up a community

9. An individual living entity
A population
Consists of a localized group of individuals of a species
An individual living entity
Is an organism

10. The hierarchy continues downward with
The hierarchy continues downward with
Organ systems
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Molecules

11. 1.2 Living organisms and their environments form interconnecting webs
1.2 Living organisms and their environments
form interconnecting webs
Ecosystems are characterized by the cycling of chemical nutrients from the atmosphere and soil
Producers
Consumers
Decomposer

12. Energy flows one-way through an ecosystem
Energy flows one-way through an ecosystem
From the sun to producers to consumers and exits as heat
Sun
Air
CO2 O2
H2O
Chemical
energy
Inflow of
light
Loss
heat
Producers
Cycling
nutrients
Consumers
Decomposers
Soil
Ecosystem
Figure 1.2

13. 1.3 Cells are the structural and functional units of life
The cell
Is the basic unit of life
The lowest level of structure that can perform all activities for life.
Emergent Properties
The arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases

14. Types of Cells Eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
Contain membrane-enclosed organelles, including a DNA-containing nucleus
Prokaryotic cells
Lack such organelles
Nucleus
(contains DNA)
Eukar yotic
cell
Prokar yotic cell
DNA
(no nucleus)
Organelles
25,000 
Figure 1.3

15. EVOLUTION, UNITY, AND DIVERSITY
1.4 The unity of life: All forms of life have common features
DNA is the genetic information
For constructing the molecules that make up cells and organisms

16. Each species’ genetic instructions
Each species’ genetic instructions
Are coded in the sequences of the four building blocks making up DNA’s two helically coiled chains A C T G
Figure 1.4A

17. All organisms share a common set of features
Ordered structures
Regulation of internal conditions
Growth and development
Energy use
Response to environmental stimuli
The ability to reproduce and evolve

18. 7 Properties common to all organisms
1. Order
All living things exhibit complex organization
2. Regulation
Mechanisms regulate and internal environment
homeostasis
3. Growth and development
Inherited information carried on genes controls and organism growth and development

19. 7 Properties common to all organisms
4. Energy Utilization
All organism take in energy and transform it to utilize
5. Response to environment
Organisms respond to environmental stimuli
e.g. the venus fly trap
6. Reproduction
Organism reproduce their own kind
7. Evolution
The ability to adapt and physically change to environmental demands

20. Figure 1.4B
Figure 1.4C
Figure 1.4D
Figure 1.4E

21. STOP

22. 17 August 2010 Collect Student Profile Quiz 1.1 – 1.3
Science Journal Entry – Due Next class Session
Lecture: 1.4 – 1.6

23. Science Journals Your Name 1 Mrs. Hayden Freshman Biology
page
Mrs. Hayden
Freshman Biology
Science Journal 1.
Using Life’s Levels of Organization to define and identify Ecosystem, Community, Population and Organism 4 2
Writing a hypothesis 6

24. second Journal Entry 4 Your Name Mrs. Hayden 17 August 2010
Life’s Level of Organization
Using Life’s Levels of Organization define and identify in your neighborhood/backyard
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism

25. Should you need to continue onto the next page:
Using Life’s Levels of Organization Cont., 5
Your Name
17 August 2010
Time

26. 18 August 2010 Quiz 1.1 – 1.4 Lecture : Quiz Next Class:
1.5 – 1.7
Quiz Next Class:
Science Journal Due Next Class
Test: Tuesday, 23 August 2010

27. 1.5 The diversity of life can be arranged into three domains
Biologists have named and identified 1.8 million species.
Estimates for the total number of species range from
10 million to 200 million
Scientist like to put ‘like-kind’ organism into categories.
Taxonomy
The branch of biology that names and classifies species

28. Organisms are grouped (classified)into
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea Prokaryotic cells
eukaryotic domain (Eukaryotic cells)
To Which of the Three Domains Do We Belong?
Eukaryotic cells

29. Domains Bacteria and Archaea
Domains Bacteria and Archaea
SEM 3,250
Figure 1.5A
SEM 25,000
Figure 1.5B

30. Domain Eukarya includes
Domain Eukarya includes
Protists (protozoans and algae, falling into multiple kingdoms)
The kingdoms Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
Kingdom Fungi
275
Kingdom Animalia
Protists
(multiple kingdoms)
Kingdom
Plantae
Figure 1.5C

31. 1.6 Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life
Charles Dar win
Synthesized the theory of evolution
by natural selection
Figure 1.6A

32. Natural selection is an editing mechanism
Natural selection is an editing mechanism
That occurs when populations or organisms, having inherited variations, are exposed to environmental factors that favor the reproductive success of some individuals over others 1 2 3
Populations with varied inherited traits
Elimination of individuals with certain traits
Reproduction of survivors
Figure 1.6B

33. All organisms have adaptations
All organisms have adaptations
That have evolved by means of natural selection
Killer whale
Pangolin
Figure 1.6C

34. How Does Natural Selection enable a population of organisms to adapt to its environments?

35. Science : Latin verb meaning “to Know”
THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE 1.7 Scientists use two main approaches to learn about nature
Science : Latin verb meaning “to Know”
Science seeks to understand natural causes for natural phenomena.
Two Scientific Approaches
Discovery
Hypothesis-Bases Science

36. Discovery Science In discovery science (aka scientific inquiry)
Discovery Science
In discovery science (aka scientific inquiry)
Scientists describe some aspect of the world and use inductive reasoning to draw general conclusions
(Inductive reasoning: general principles from a large number of observaitons)
scientists observe and describe objects and phenomena

37. Hypothesis-Based Science
Hypothesis-Based Science
In hypothesis-based science
Scientists attempt to explain obser vations by testing hypotheses.
propose hypotheses (A tentative explanation a scientist proposes for a specific phenomenon that has been observed.),
make deductions,
and test predictions.

38. 19 August 2010 Collect Journals Quiz 1.4 – 1.6 Lecture 1.7 – 1.9
Journal Entry 2 – due next class session [Monday]
TEST MONDAY CHAPTER 1

39. Science Journals Your Name 1 Mrs. Hayden Freshman Biology
page
Mrs. Hayden
Freshman Biology
Science Journal 1.
Using Life’s Levels of Organization to define and identify Ecosystem, Community, Population and Organism 4 2
Writing a hypothesis 6

40. 2nd Journal Entry 6 Your Name Mrs. Hayden 20 August 2010
Writing a hypothesis
1. Write a hypothesis
2. Design an experiment
3. Identify the “experimental group” and the “control group”

41. Journal Entry 2: Writing a hypothesis
You will Be given 3 Observations. Choose 2 of 3 and
write(10 pts.):
Write a hypothesis
Design an experiment
Identify your experimental group and your control group

42. Observations: Choose 2 of 3
“During the autumn leaves change color.”
Observation 2
“Only a few species of plants can grow near the ocean.”
Observation 3
“Sugar dissolves better in my hot tea than my ice tea”
If I do this…….then I should get……..

43. 1.8 With hypothesis-based science, we pose and test hypotheses
1.8 With hypothesis-based science, we pose and test hypotheses
Hypothesis-based science involves Deductive Reasoning (logic used to test hypothesis – flows from general →specific)
Obser vations
Questions
Hypotheses as tentative answers to questions
Deductions leading to predictions
Tests of predictions
Deductive reasoning usually take the form of a predicition

44. A Case Study from Ever yday Life
A Case Study from Ever yday Life
Deductive reasoning is used in testing hypotheses as follows
If a hypothesis is correct, and we test it, then we can expect a par ticular outcome
Observations
Question
Hypothesis # 1:
Dead batteries
Hypothesis # 2:
Burnt-out bulb
Prediction:
Replacing batteries
will fix problem
Replacing bulb
Test prediction
Test falsifies hypothesis
Test does not falsify hypothesis
“If …….then “ logic
Figure 1.8A

45. Percent of total attacks
A Case Study of Hypothesis-Based Science
In experiments designed to test hypotheses
The use of control groups and experimental groups helps to control variables
Control Group – one that is designed to compare an experimental group.
Percent of total attacks
on artificial snakes
100 80 60 40 20
83%
17%
16%
84%
Artificial king snakes
Artificial brown snakes
Coral snakes
absent
present
Figure 1.8B
Figure 1.8C
Figure 1.8D
Figure 1.8E

46. Many technological advances
BIOLOGY AND EVERYDAY LIFE CONNECTION 1.9 Biology is Connected to our lives in many ways
Environmental Problems and Solutions
Genetic Engineering
Medicine
Many technological advances
Stem from scientific research
The science-technology-society relationship
Is an impor tant aspect of a biology course

47. Connections to everyday life cont.,