1. Citing, Referencing and Avoiding Plagiarism
This workshop will
Explain what plagiarism is and how it can be avoided  
Demonstrate how citation takes place within a written assignment and give tips on where to place citations. 
Cover the basics of numeric and author-date (Harvard) referencing systems
Louise Livesey
Academic Skills Adviser
17/09/2018
Academic Skills Advice

2. Academic Skills Advice
Today’s Plan
1. What plagiarism is
2. How to avoid plagiarism
3. What a citation is
4. Tips on where to place a citation
5. When to use citations
6. The numeric referencing system
7. The Harvard referencing system
17/09/2018
Academic Skills Advice

3. Academic Skills Advice
1.What plagiarism is
Reference to show been thorough and to…
avoid plagiarism
Pass off others’ work as yours
No acknowledgement of sources:
Citations
Reference list
Click for red
Click for 2 bullets
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Academic Skills Advice

4. What plagiarism looks like
1.What plagiarism is
What plagiarism looks like
Many international students fear analysing and critiquing academic arguments, despite wanting to be successful.
Excerpt adapted from Neville (2009)
Next one is original
17/09/2018
Academic Skills Advice

5. Academic Skills Advice
1.What plagiarism is
‘Safe’ text
The prospect of deconstructing and commenting on academic arguments in an essay, rather than simply acknowledging and restating them, is a genuinely fearful one [for many international students], despite the obvious desire of these students to want to get things ‘right’ and go home with the qualification they came here to get (Johnson 2007).
This is original . No direct quote but is paraphrase or summary
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Academic Skills Advice

6. Academic Skills Advice
1.What plagiarism is
1 & 2: Together, we will decide if these describe plagiarism or not
Activity 1: Plagiarism or not?
3-6: In pairs, you decide if they describe plagiarism or not
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Academic Skills Advice

7. Academic Skills Advice
2.How to avoid plagiarism
Strategies:
Interpret the assignment question or task
Give yourself time to organise and structure your
Write all your notes in your own words: so you do not confuse them with quotes
Write down exactly where you read the information you put in your notes
In your assignment, cite the sources of ideas and information even if you are not giving a quotation
Make it clear when you are using a direct quotation
Write out a full list of references at the end of your written work
17/09/2018
Academic Skills Advice

8. Academic Skills Advice
1.What plagiarism is
Tips:
Put your pen or keyboard out of reach
Read a passage without taking any notes
Stop reading and cover up the page
If possible, sum up what you have read out loud to hear your own words in your own voice
Once you can say what the passage is about, note it down in your own words
Write a quotation down in a different colour – this will help you find it easily and show you how much you copy!
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Academic Skills Advice

9. Academic Skills Advice
3.What a citation is
Placed within the text
Signal to reader
In brackets:
Author/s or editor/s name
Publication date
Page number (if direct quote)
Or as an added number
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Academic Skills Advice

10. Academic Skills Advice
4.Tips on where to place a citation
Paraphrasing
Nonetheless, the film was deliberately inaccurate about José Marti, who, contrary to the image depicted in American films, spent much of his life in poverty (Colon 1983).
Quoting:
Nonetheless, the film was deliberately inaccurate about the life of José Marti. Colon (1983: 81-82) explains that ‘José Marti never had a mansion or a hut of his own. Needless to say, he never had slaves.’
Click paraphrasing
Click quoting
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Academic Skills Advice

11. Academic Skills Advice
4.Tips on where to place a citation
It has been suggested that we can believe ourselves to be incapable of a task that is well within our capacities. This can occur simply because we do not recognise the similarity of two tasks when the circumstances appear different. This view is supported by research. It has been demonstrated that students who spend more time early on actively looking for similarities between writing tasks and areas of existing expertise are then more successful at the writing task. This suggests that academic success may be more a question of good strategy and of building upon experience rather than underlying intelligence.
Use smart pen:
X before first sentence and put Butterworth (1992) and
X after writing task and put (Bloggs, 2014)
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Academic Skills Advice

12. Academic Skills Advice
4.Tips on where to place a citation
Butterworth (1992) has suggested that we can believe ourselves to be incapable of a task that is well within our capacities. This can occur simply because we do not recognise the similarity of two tasks when the circumstances appear different. This view is supported by research. It has been demonstrated that students who spend more time early on actively looking for similarities between writing tasks and areas of existing expertise are then more successful at the writing task (Bloggs 2014). This suggests that academic success may be more a question of good strategy and of building upon experience rather than underlying intelligence.
So it looks like
17/09/2018
Academic Skills Advice

13. Academic Skills Advice
4.Tips on where to place a citation
Activity 2
A. References are listed alphabetically by author at the end of your written work. A reference provides all the information a reader would need to find the text you have used. For hard copies of books this is: author, date of publication, name of the text, location of the publisher and publisher name. Additional information is provided for other types of text, such as article name, journal issue and number; web page name, web address and date of access for on-line information; etc. X (Cottrell 2013).
Answer to A - click
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Academic Skills Advice

14. Academic Skills Advice
4.Tips on where to place a citation
B. Various psychologists have used experiments on identical twins to suggest that anything up to 80% of our intelligence could be genetically based (Thompson 2001; Perking 1995). Others argue that twins’ similar physical appearance and cultural upbringing could account for similarities in their performance (Gardner 1993). Whilst people who do well on one intelligence test do well on other such tests, there is evidence that such performance is also affected by familiarity with the culture and thinking of those who designed the text (Mckintosh and Mascie-Taylor 1985).
Answer to B -
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Academic Skills Advice

15. Academic Skills Advice
4.Tips on where to place a citation
C. Research shows that students who do best at problem-solving spend longer than other students at working out exactly what problem is before they try to solve it. Weaker students look at the surface of the problem and do not see the underlying structure that makes it similar to problems they already know (Keane, Kahney and Brayshaw:1989).
Answer to C -
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Academic Skills Advice

16. Academic Skills Advice
5.When to use citations
You must use a citation when…
Using quotations, statistics (or other data), and visuals that are the result of work by another person
Using information from websites. [If no named writer, author or editor is shown, you should cite and reference the name of the website, e.g. (ED Bites 2007)]
Paraphrasing which may be just your own words or include quotation/s but is drawn from or inspired by ideas or information attributable to a source.
You do not have to use a citation if….
Summarising in your own words within a conclusion provided you have already referenced appropriately in the main body of your written work
Using ‘common knowledge’. General public awareness of undisputed facts can also be treated as common knowledge. However, the sources for any contested or contentious discussion of the same events would need to cited and referenced.
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Academic Skills Advice

17. Academic Skills Advice
6.The numeric referencing system
Each source in the text has a number following it (start at 1) in brackets, e.g.
Baker (1) has suggested that government intervention hinders the economy limits productivity. However, an alternative view has been advanced by Jones (2). Or
Baker 1 has suggested that government intervention hinders the economy limits productivity. However, an alternative view has been advanced by Jones 2.
When using numeric superscript referencing for your assignments, do not include page number even for a table or image.
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Academic Skills Advice

18. Academic Skills Advice
6.The numeric referencing system
Reference list: in numerical order how they appear in the text, e.g. 1.Baker, S. (2011) Best-laid intentions. London, Livesey Press. 2.Andrews, M. (2012) Saviour or Destroyer? Manchester, Reed Publications.
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Academic Skills Advice

19. Academic Skills Advice
7.The Harvard referencing system
Each source in the text has the author/s’ last name in brackets and year of publication, e.g.
In a recent study (Smith 1996) the solution was shown to be…’ OR
In a recent study Smith (1996) argued that…
Can add page number/s, e.g.
A recent study (Smith 1996:51) found that 10% of people had experienced…
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Academic Skills Advice

20. Academic Skills Advice
7.The Harvard referencing system
Reference list: in alphabetic order by author/s’ last name e.g. Andrews, M. (2012) Saviour or Destroyer? Manchester, Reed Publications. Baker, S. (2011) Best-laid intentions. London, Livesey Press.
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Academic Skills Advice

21. Academic Skills Advice
7.The Harvard referencing system
Look at my reference list
Activity 3: Harvard referencing system list
Anderson 2003
Astin 2002
Bandura 1977
Brown 2001
Bruner 1996
Holmberg 1989
Hou and Wu 2011
Hrastinski 2008
Johnson 1981
Kata 2009
Lave and Wenger 2005
Meyer 2004
Tinto 2010
Vygotsky 1978
Click for answers
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Academic Skills Advice

22. Academic Skills Advice
References
Cottrell, S. (2013) The study skills handbook. 4th ed. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.
Evans, M. and Moore, J. (2013) Peer tutoring with the aid of the Internet. British Journal of Educational Technology. Vol. 44 (1) 144– Accessed 12 September 2014.
Greetham, B. (2013) How to write better essays. 3rd ed. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.
Johnson, T. (2007) How do international students engage with learning about study skills in British higher education? Paper delivered at the Adult Learning Devleopment in Higher Education Symposium, Bournemouth.
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Academic Skills Advice

23. Academic Skills Advice
References
Hunt, J. (2008) Civilisation and its disconnects. Aslib Journal of Information Management. Vol. 60 (5) Accessed 18 September 2014.
McDevitt., T.M. and Ormrod, J.E. (2010) Effects of heredity and environment on intelligence. New Jersey, Prentice Hall.
Accessed 12September 2014.
Motluck, A. (2001) IQ is inherited, suggests twin study. New Scientist. [ Accessed 12 September 2014.
Neville, C. (2009) How to improve your assignment results. Maidenhead, OUP.
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Academic Skills Advice

24. Academic Skills Advice Service
Where are we? Chesham Building B0.23. Give us a call or come speak to us Monday-Thursday 10am-12pm and 1pm-4pm
Who am I? Louise, the dedicated workshop adviser.
Who can help me with study and writing skills? Lucy and Russell run Instant Study Skills Advice sessions Monday-Thursday and Writing Skills Clinics twice a week. You can also access self-help resources on our webpage.
Who can give me maths advice? Helen and Michael specialise in Maths support for students though clinics and pre-booked appointments.
How do I get in touch? Telephone:
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Academic Skills Advice

25. Academic Skills Advice
Any questions?
Produced by Louise Livesey May 2014
17/09/2018
Academic Skills Advice

26. International Student Barometer (ISB)
Launches Monday 26 October 2015
Eligible students have been sent an with a survey link from
ISB helps the University to:
understand the international student experience;
make improvements for you as students and;
understand what we are doing well.
But! We need students to fill out the survey:
more students = better data = better experience
You could win an iPad Mini 2 or a year’s gym membership with Unique Fitness for filling it out.