1. Psychoanalysis Monday, September-17-18
To understand Freud’s psychoanalytical theory
To apply psychoanalysis to Lord of the Flies

2. Sigmund Freud
Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, who created an entirely new approach to the understanding of the human personality. He is regarded as one of the most influential - and controversial - minds of the 20th century.
In 1873, Freud began to study medicine at the University of Vienna. After graduating, he worked at the Vienna General Hospital, and collaborated with Josef Breuer in treating hysteria by recalling painful experiences under hypnosis. In 1886, Freud set up a private practice, specialising in nervous and brain disorders.
Freud developed the theory that humans have an unconscious in which sexual and aggressive impulses are in continuous conflict for control with the defences against them. In 1897, he began an intensive analysis of himself. In 1900, his major work 'The Interpretation of Dreams' was published in which Freud analysed dreams in terms of unconscious desires and experiences.

3. Sigmund Freud
After World War One, Freud spent less time in clinical observation and concentrated on the application of his theories to history, art, literature and anthropology. In 1923, he published 'The Ego and the Id', which suggested a new structure of the mind, divided into the 'id, the 'ego' and the 'superego'.
In 1933, the Nazis publicly burnt a number of Freud's books. In 1938, shortly after the Nazis occupied Austria, Freud left Vienna for London with his wife and daughter Anna.
Freud had been diagnosed with cancer of the jaw in 1923, and underwent more than 30 operations. He died of cancer on 23 September 1939.

4. Freud’s Personality Theory
According to Freud, the psyche (personality) is made up of three parts:
The id which is concerned with basic needs and desires (what we want)
The ego which is concerned with negotiating (getting a balance) between the id and superego.
The superego which is concerned with morals (what we should do)

5. Understanding Psychoanalysis
Consider the following situation:
Instructor = Knows the rules of riding, and can also empathise with the emotions that both the rider and the horse are feeling
Rider = Trying to control the horse
Wild Horse = Going its own way and doing whatever it wants

6. Understanding Psychoanalysis
Applying the situation to Freud’s theory:
Ego = a sort of conscience that represents selfless actions and the morals of society, taught by parents, teachers, and religious organisation.
Superego = the realistic, decision-making part of the personality
Id = the primitive and instinctive part of the personality

7. Freud’s Personality Theory
According to Freud, the psyche (personality) is made up of three parts:
The id which is concerned with basic needs and desires (what we want)
The ego which is concerned with negotiating (getting a balance) between the id and superego.
The superego which is concerned with morals (what we should do)
The conch
The wild fire
Which symbols could represent each part of the psyche?
Piggy’s glasses
The Beast

8. Personality on the Island
Thinking about Jack, Ralph, Simon & Piggy, which character represents which part of the psyche?
For each character, think of an event the proves your decision, as well as a quotation from the event ID
SUPEREGO
EGO
JACK
RALPH
PIGGY
SIMON

9. Personality on the Island
How do Ralph, Jack, and Piggy represent the ego, id, and superego?
For each character, write a PEELA paragraph explaining their relation to their respective part of the personality
P = _____________ represents the ______________
Ev = This is shown when…
Ex = This proves that _____________ is _______________ because… It also relates to the theme of…
L = In the evidence, Golding uses _____________ to… In addition, the word “___________” connotes… And the word “____________” connotes…
A = By making _____________ represent ____________, Golding shows the readers that… He meant for the reader to feel…
character
Id/ego/superego
character
Id/ego/superego
technique
character
Id/ego/superego