1. North and South C.1845

2. Competition!
Find a word relating to what we have studied so far in America, with the highest numerical score

3. Mark off in your planner

4. Key Words: Manifest Destiny Moving frontier Great learning:
Good learning:
Describe the causes, events and consequences of the Mexican War
Great learning:
Explain the main cause of the war/reason America won
Even better:
Evaluate the value of a primary source to a historian studying reason for the war with Mexico
Key Words:
Manifest Destiny
Moving frontier

5. TEXAS Texas had been a part of Mexico
Americans, however, had been settling into Texas TASK 1: Add 3 pieces of evidence of this from P1
In the winter of , Texas declared independence from Mexico TASK 2: Add detail on the consequences of this from P2 (write about American involvement in a different colour)
TASK 3: Use P3 to create a table outlining Northern views and Southern views on Texas joining the Union (use the different coloured pen you used in task 2). Bullet point underneath what the American government did.
TASK 4: Bullet point why Texas became an issue in 1844.
Polk also wished to annex New Mexico and California (owned by Mexico). American’s were starting to settle in the areas. American’s believed in Manifest Destiney.

6. Flipped Learning Compare what you have written for the causes section.
Add anything you don’t have in green pen.
Causes
Events
Consequences

7. 3 Different types of causes
When looking at why events happen throughout History, there are three different types of causation.
Necessary Preconditions
Developing Causes
Trigger Cause

8. Necessary Preconditions
Without necessary preconditions the event could not happen. It/they need to be in place before any of the other causes of the event. They make the event more likely to happen.
E.g. Imagine that there is a shooting. One of the necessary preconditions would be the gun. Without this, there would never have been a shooting, and it needs to be present before and of the other causes can make the shooting occur.

9. Developing Causes
These causes made it more likely that event would happen, but they would have had no effect without the necessary preconditions. In some cases, without the necessary preconditions these causes themselves could never have happened.
E.g. A developing causes of a shooting could be an argument between two people. This would make the shooting more likely, however it would have had no effect with out the Necessary Precondition (gun).

10. Trigger Cause
This is what actually sparks off the event. However, it would have no effect whatsoever without the previous two types of causes. In particular, the developing causes creates the situation in which the trigger would immediately lead to event.
E.g. In the shooting, the trigger event would be the gun trigger being pulled. Pulling the trigger actually caused the shooting. However, it would not have happened without the gun and the argument.

11. Mexican War: Causation
Necessary Preconditions
Developing Causes
Trigger Cause
During the 1820’s, American settled in Texas
Manifest Destiney
Mexican laws (ban slavery and ban immigration from USA)
Democrat James Polk was elected president on a platform that promised the annexation of Texas and Oregon
Tyler's annexation of Texas
There was a boundary dispute between Mexico and Texas, which the USA inherited
The Mexican government was weak
Polk sent US troops into the disputed border area, north of the Rio Grande River, hoping to provoke an incident that would result in war

12. So… What caused the Mexican War?
As mentioned last week, one type of 25 mark essay you can be asked in your exam is a causation question.
What you are expected to do in these essays, is decide the main reason for the event in the question.
We will now look at how you would decide the main cause of the Mexican War

13. So… What caused the Mexican War?
The question you should now be asking, is how do you decide which of the causes was the MAIN cause?
What you are aiming for, is to find the developing cause, that you think created a situation/context in which the trigger event could take place.
TASK: Write a PEE paragraph (colour coded) that explain what YOU think was the main reason for the outbreak of the Mexican War.

14. Lesson 2

15. Flipped Learning
Please get out your grid, which has what you would say in an answer to the source you was given.
I will take these in, look at what you have said, and next lesson we will go over what could be said in an answer to the source you was given.

16. Flipped Learning Compare what you have written for the events section.
Add anything you don’t have in green pen.
Causes
Events
Consequences

17. Why did America win the Mexican War?
Now that you have an overview of the Mexican War, we need to identify reasons why America won the Mexican War.
Create a mind map of reasons why America won the Mexican War
Why did America win the Mexican War?

18. USA had twice the population and a much stronger industrial base than Mexico (more military potential)
USA had: superior artillery, pool of junior officers trained at West Point, enthusiastic volunteers, naval supremacy
Summer 1846 – Colonel Kearney marched unopposed into Santa Fe and annexed New Mexico
American settlers proclaimed California independent. They were helped by Fremont, and the US Navy (Santa Anna refuses to accept surrender)
Zachary Taylor win battles over Santa Anna in 1846 (Battle of Buena Vista). Scott captured Mexico City in September 1847
TASK: Write a paragraph that explains the MAIN reason America won the Mexican War

19. Flipped Learning
Compare what you have written for the consequences section.
Add anything you don’t have in green pen.
Causes
Events
Consequences

20. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
$15,000,000
Texas; California and present day New Mexico, Cali, Nevada and Utah; pay Mexico $15 million (called Mexican Seccsion)
Half a million square miles,
Polk sent Trist, had a change of heart and recalled
Trist ignored Polk an signed treaty
Get’s it to Washington where Polk distains, but sends to the Senate
Senate ratify (34:14) 5 democrats and 7 whig

21. Did the Mexican War cause tension between the North and South?
Most of the territory was South of the Missouri Compromise line, but not in the Louisiana Purchase Territory. There was disagreement as to whether it would be slave or free.
Georgia newspaper: it would ‘secure to the South the balance of power in America, and, for all coming time…’
Some in Polk’s own party were not happy, and felt moved to speak on the matter. Some disagreed because cotton was already grown in areas of New Mexico. Southern Convention ‘ California is particularly adapted for slave labour.’
Polk did not understand what the fuss was about. ‘There is no probability that any territory will ever be acquired from Mexico in which slavery would ever exist.
Get students to divide statements into ‘was a turning point’ and ‘was not a turning points’
Some agree with Polk e.g. Crittenden of Kentucky said slavery was not an issue.
North: Massachusetts's legislature called the war ‘unconstitutional’ because of its ‘objective to expand slavery… control of free states’.
North: Mexican war was part of a ‘slave conspiracy theory’

22. Flipped Learning
You have just been given a double sided sheet of paper, on one side is a source, the other side a grid on how to write an America source answer.
You are not going to write a full answer to this question.
But you are going to re-create the grid, and fill in what you WOULD say in your answer, by replacing the bullet points/questions with your answer.

23. Extract from President James K
Extract from President James K. Polk’s address to Congress May 11, 1846, where he called for a declaration of War against Mexico.
The strong desire to establish an honourable peace with Mexico, and the readiness of this Government to regulate and adjust our geographical boundary, induced me to seek the reopening of diplomatic relations. An envoy of the United States was sent in peace to talk to the Mexican Government, but they refused to receive him. After a long-continued series of menaces, Mexico has at last invaded our territory and shed the blood of our fellow-citizens on our own soil. We have tried every effort at reconciliation but Mexico assumed military action against our troops at Del Norte, even though American soldiers were only protecting private property and personal rights. Mexico has declared that hostilities have commenced, and that the two nations are at war. As war exists, despite our efforts to avoid it, we are called upon by every consideration of duty and patriotism to defend our nation.

24. Is the author significant/have insight
POINT
EVIDENCE
EXPLAIN
What to pick out of the source for the paragraph
Own knowledge you have on the points you have picked out
Does what you’ve mentioned make the source valuable OR limited.
PROVENANCE
Nature/type
Author
Audience
Date/context
Purpose
Who is the author
Who is the audience
The date/context
Is the author significant/have insight
Is the audience large or significant
Does the source give you insight you will not get elsewhere?
EMPHASIS
TONE
Language
Emotion
Why is the author using this language/emotion?
What reaction does the author want?
Does the tone convey emotion or strength of response to a reaction or event?
CONTENT & ARGUMENT (x2)
Views/opinions
Details
Is this what was happening?
Does the content/argument give you insight to the debates and issues at the time?
Does the content/argument show you how a person or group perceived the world
VIEW POINT ARE VALUABLE