1. Nutrition and Dietetic Services
Therapeutic Diets
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Blue text book pages

2. Therapeutic Diets
Modifications of the normal diet used to improve specific health conditions
Prescribed by a doctor and planned by a dietitian
May change the nutrients, caloric content, and/or texture of the normal diet

3. Therapeutic Diets
Pts appetite can be affected by anorexia, weakness, illness, loneliness, self-pity
Anorexia=loss of appetite
Some pts may view diets as strange or even unpleasant
HCW should educate pts about their diet to increase compliance

4. Regular Diet Balanced diet used for pt with no dietary restrictions
May have slightly reduced caloric content

5. Clear Liquid Diet Nutritionally inadequate
Used for short periods of time
Foods include: apple juice, grape juice, broth, gelatin, ginger ale, tea, coffee
Used after surgery, pts with acute infection or digestive problems, to replace fluids lost by emesis/diarrhea, before some X-rays of GI tract

6. Full Liquid Diet Nutritionally inadequate
Used for short periods of time
Foods include: clear liquids plus strained soups and cereals, fruit & vegetable juices, yogurt, hot cocoa, custard, ice cream, pudding, sherbet, eggnog
Used after surgery, pts with acute infection or digestive problems, to replace fluids lost by emesis/diarrhea, before some X-rays of GI tract

7. Soft Diet Similar to regular diet
Foods must require little chewing and be easy to digest
Avoid: meat, shellfish, coarse cereal, spicy foods, rich desserts, fried foods, raw fruit & vegetables, nuts, coconut
Used for pts with infections, digestive disorders, chewing problems

8. Modified-Consistency Diets
Pureed, chopped, or mashed
Used for pts with chewing or swallowing problems
Consistency is determined by condition of pt’s teeth and ability to swallow without risk of choking or aspiration
Foods are usually moist, meats are chopped or pureed & moistened with gravy or broth

9. Diabetic Diet AKA ADA diet Used for pts with diabetes mellitus
Contains exchange lists that group foods according to type, nutrients, & caloric content
Pts are allowed a certain number of items from each exchange list
Avoid: Sugar-heavy foods like candy, soft drinks, desserts, syrup, honey, jelly

10. Low Calorie Diets High-calorie foods are avoided or very limited
Used for pts who are overweight
Avoid: high calorie foods such as butter, cream, whole milk, soft drinks, alcohol, salad dressings, fatty meats, rich desserts

11. High Calorie Diets Extra proteins & carbohydrates are added
Used for pts who are underweight, anorexia nervosa, hyperthyroidism, cancer
Avoid: high-bulk foods like green salads, watermelon, fibrous fruits because they fill up pt too soon; high-fat foods (fried, rich desserts) because they digest slowly & decrease appetite

12. Low-Cholesterol Diets
Restricts foods that contain cholesterol
Used for pts with atherosclerosis, heart disease
Avoid: foods high in saturated fat such as beef, liver, pork, lamb, egg yolk, cheese, shellfish, whole milk

13. Low-Fat Diets Restricts foods high in fats
Used for pts who are obese, gallbladder disease, liver disease, atherosclerosis
Avoid: whole milk, cheese, fats, fatty meats, rich desserts, chocolate, nuts, coconut, fried foods, salad dressings

14. Low-Fat, Low-Cholesterol Diet
AKA AHA
Limits foods high in fat and cholesterol
Used for pts with high cholesterol, HTN, at risk of MI or CVA

15. Low-Sodium Diets
Used for pts with CV diseases such as HTN or CHF, kidney disease, edema
Avoid: adding salt to food, smoked meats or fish, processed foods, pickles, olives, sauerkraut, processed cheese

16. Low-Protein Diets Limit or decrease foods high in protein
Avoid: meats, fish, milk, cheese, eggs
Used for pts with renal diseases, allergic conditions

17. High-Protein Diets
Increase foods high in protein such as meats, fish, milk, cheese, eggs
Used for children & adolescents with delayed growth; pregnant or lactating women; before and/or after surgery; burns; fevers; infections

18. Bland Diets
Contains easily digested foods that don’t irritate the GI tract
Avoid: coarse foods, fried foods, highly seasoned food, pastries, candies, raw fruit & vegetables, alcoholic and carbonated drinks, smoked & salted meats or fish, nuts, olives, avocados, coconut, whole-grain breads & cereals, coffee, tea
Used for pts with ulcers, colitis, disease of GI system

19. Low-Residue Diets Eliminates or limits foods high in bulk and fiber
Avoid: raw fruits & vegetables, whole-grain breads & cereals, nuts, seeds, beans, peas, coconut, fried food
Used for pts with GI & rectal diseases such as colitis or diarrhea

20. High-Fiber Diets
Increase foods high in fiber such as fruits, vegetables, legumes (beans & peas), whole-grain breads & cereals, nuts, seeds
Used for pts with constipation or as a preventive measure to reduce risk for some cancers, also helps to lower cholesterol and control blood sugar

21. Calcium-Rich Diet
Increase foods high in calcium such as milk, yogurt, cheese, salmon & sardines with edible bones, broccoli
Used for pts with or at risk for osteoporosis