1. Plant Growth and Development
Essential Standard 4.00: Examine factors relating to plant growth and development.

2. Objective 4.01
Explain the growth process of plants

3. Processes of plant growth
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Absorption
Transpiration
Translocation
Reproduction

4. Photosynthesis
The food and manufacturing process in green plants that combines carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light to make sugar and oxygen.
Formula:
6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Carbon Dioxide
Glucose Sugar
Water
Oxygen
Light Energy

5. Respiration
The process through which plant leaves, stems and roots consume carbon dioxide and give off oxygen.
Plants produce much more oxygen through photosynthesis than they use through respiration.

6. Absorption
The process by which plant roots take in water and air

7. Transpiration
The process by which plants lose water from leaves and stems through evaporation

8. Translocation
The process by which food and nutrients are moved within a plant from one plant part to another

9. Reproduction The plant process that increases plant numbers
usually by seeds
Two main methods are
sexual & asexual

10. Osmosis
The process by which minerals and water enter the plant through cell walls

11. Light
Photoperiodism-response of plants to different amounts of light regarding their flowering and reproduction cycles
Not enough light causes long, slender, spindly stems
Too much light will cause plants to dry out faster

12. Light
Short day plants require long nights to flower (ex – poinsettia and azalea)
Long day plants require short nights to flower (ex – African violets and spinach)
Phototropism – the tendency for plants to grow toward a light source

13. Moisture 90% of plant tissue is made of mostly water
Water carries nutrients throughout the plant
Not enough water causes wilting and stunted growth
Too much water causes small root systems and drowning which is a result of air spaces in soil being filled with water

14. Stages of Plant Growth
Juvenile-when a plant first starts to grow from a seed
Reproductive-when a plant produces flowers, seeds and fruits
Dormant-when a plant rests or grows very little, if any

15. Hardiness Zones
Plants are categorized by zones based on the average minimum temperature

16. Hardiness Zones

17. Hardiness Zones North Carolina Considers minimum temperature extremes
Zones 6 to 8
Considers minimum temperature extremes
Zone 6
-10 to 0 degrees F
Zone 7
0 to 10 degrees F
Charlotte
Zone 8
10 to 20 degrees F