1. Introduction to the Animal Kingdom

2. Characteristics of Animals:
Heterotrophic
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Lack cell walls
95% = invertebrates (no backbone) 5% = vertebrates (have a backbone)

3. 7 Common Animal Functions
Feeding:
Herbivore = eats plants
Carnivore = eats animals
Omnivore = eats plants and animals
Detritivore = feed on decaying organic material
Filter Feeders = aquatic animals that strain food from water
Parasite = lives in or on another organism (symbiotic relationship)

4. 2. Respiration:
Take in O2 and give off CO2 Lungs, gills, through skin, simple diffusion

5. 3. Circulation:
Very small animals rely on diffusion Larger animals have circulatory system

6. 4. Excretion:
Removal of Wastes - Primary waste product is ammonia (could be urea, uric acid, or amino acid.
Diffusion - Sponges, Cnideria, and Echinoderms.
Flame cells - Flat worms
Canals and Tubes - Round worms
Nephridia - Annelids
Malphigian Tubules - Arthropods
Green glands – Prawns
Kidneys - Vertebrates 

7. Excretory Organs Nephridia – Segmented Worms Flame Cells - Flatworms
Canals and Tubes – Round Worms
Kidneys - Vertebrates
Malphigian Tubules – Arthropods/Insects

8. 5. Response: Animals respond to their environment using: Receptor cells = sound, light, external stimuli Nerve cells => nervous system
6. Movement:
* Most but not all
animals move

9. 7.  Reproduce:  Most reproduce sexually = genetic diversity
Many invertebrates can also reproduce asexually to increase their numbers rapidly

10. Animal Body Plans:
Symmetrical – sides or sections look the same (mirror images)
Asymmetry - no pattern (corals, sponges)
Radial Symmetry - shaped like a wheel (starfish, hydra, jellyfish)
Bilateral Symmetry - 
has a right and left side that
Can be cut equally in 1/2 (humans, insects, cats, etc.)

11. Identify the Symmetry
BILATERAL
ASYMETRICAL
BILATERAL
RADIAL
RADIAL

12. Cephalization - an anterior concentration of sense organs (to have a head)
*The more complex the animals becomes the more pronounced their cephalization
Octopus – member of the class Cephalopoda (head-foot)

13. Body Sides anterior - toward the head posterior - toward the tail
dorsal - back side
ventral - belly side

14. Segmentation
- "advanced" animals have body segments, and specialization of tissue (even humans are segmented, look at the ribs and spine)

15. Animal Development Animals begin as a zygote (fertilized egg)

16. The cells in the zygote divide to form the BLASTULA - a hollow ball of cells

17. The blastula pinches inward to form three cell layers called GERM LAYERS

18. This pinched in area becomes a mouth in some animals (Protostomes) and an anus in other animals (Deuterostomes).
Mollusks, Annelids, Arthropods
Echinoderms and Chordates

19. Major Animal Kingdom Phyla
Phylum Porifera – sponges (simple animals with no symmetry)
Phylum Cnidaria – sea anemones, jellyfish, hydra (animals with stinging cells and radial symmentry)

20. Phylum Platyhelminthes - flatworms
Free-living Planarian
Parasitic Tapeworm

21. Phylum Nematoda – roundworms
Phylum Annelida – segmented worms

22. Phylum Mollusca – clams, squid, snails (animals with a shell – the squid’s “shell” or pen is internal.

23. Phylum Arthropoda – crustaceans, insects, spiders
This is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom and contains the most number of species

24. Phylum Echinodermata - starfish

25. Phylum Chordata – includes all vertebrates (animals with a stiff vertebral column with a nerve cord above)

26. Shape of Life Videos
Origins (Sponges) or
Life on the Move (Cnideria) or
The First Hunter (Platyhelminthes) or
Marine Arthropods: A Successful Design or
The Conquerors (Arthropods) or
Survival Game (Molluscs) or
Ultimate Animal (Echinoderms) or
Explosion of Life (Annelids) or
Bones, Brawn, and Brains (Chordates) or