1. TRUST:Team for Research in Ubiquitous Secure Technologies
Facilities and Infrastructure: Wireless Embedded Networks
NSF STC Review
September 6, 2004

2. Secure Information Networks
Critical Application: Sensor Networks
Permanent large-scale embedded systems for securing critical infrastructure
Rapid deployment systems for disaster prevention and mitigation
Strong need for information security
Testbed : Collaborative development at Berkeley and Cornell for development of integrated, secure systems
Platform technologies
Networking technologies
Operating systems
Software Tools
NSF STC Review
September 17, 2018

3. The Systems Challenge: Bridging the Technology/Application Gap
Monitoring & Managing
Spaces and Things
applications
service
network
system
architecture
data
mgmt
Store
Comm.
uRobots
actuate
MEMS
sensing
Proc
Power
technology
Miniature, low-power connections to the physical world
NSF STC Review
September 17, 2018

4. Platform Technologies: UCB Mote
UCB Mote Evolution
NSF STC Review
September 17, 2018

5. Platform Technologies: CU SNAP Asynchronous Processor
Clockless logic
Spurious signal transitions (wasted power) eliminated
Hardware only active if it is used for the computation
MIPS: high-performance
24pJ/ins and V
Processor
Bus
Year
E/op
Ops/sec
Atmel 8
200?
1-4 nJ
4 MIPS
StrongARM 32
1.9 nJ
130 MIPS
MiniMIPS
1998
2.3 nJ*
22 MIPS
Amulet3i
2000
1.6 nJ*
80 MIPS
80C51 (P)
1 nJ**
Lutonium
2003
43 pJ
SNAP 16
24 pJ
28 MIPS
NSF STC Review
September 17, 2018

6. Network Management Technologies
Self-Configuring Networks
Game-theoretic approaches to rapid deployment, maintenance
Novel MAC protocols
Incorporation of mobile access points
Opportunistic multiple access
Novel Reachback Strategies
Information-theoretic context
Collaborative data transmission
NSF STC Review
September 17, 2018

7. Operating Systems Tiny OS Magnet OS
Large, active open source community:
500 research groups worldwide
OEP for DARPA Network Embedded Systems Technology
Thousands of active implementations - impact of security innovation will be extremely high
Magnet OS
Provide a unifying single-system image abstraction
Converts applications into distributed components that communicate over a network
transparent component migration
Power-efficient
NSF STC Review
September 17, 2018

8. Berkeley Resources
Focused on development and testing network stack, protocols and distributed algorithms.
77 nodes on Soda Hall, 150 nodes in Intel Lab
Any nodes can serve as internet gateway
Ethernet (POE) back-channel instrumentation network
NSF STC Review
September 17, 2018

9. CU Resources: Focus on Algorithms and Mobility
NSF STC Review
September 17, 2018

10. Cornell Testbed Configuration
NSF STC Review
September 17, 2018

11. Real-World Deployment
Redwood microclimate
150 nodes x 6 weeks
Great Duck Island
150 nodes x 4 months
100 node NEST
UGV pursuit
dot
mag
ultrasound
acoustic
main
mag sense
power
battery
reflector
pursuer
evader
battery
mote
Leach’s Storm Petrel
150 nodes
4 months
~2 ft
NSF STC Review
September 17, 2018

12. Driving Collaborative System Research
Node design tradeoffs
Mechanical – expose sensors, while protecting the electronics
Power utilization: communication vs. computation and sleep strategies
Behavior of collections of nodes
What are common failure modes?
What factors impact the the functionality and performance of the sensor network?
Network architecture
Energy constrained sensor communications and networking
Effective use of Mobile Access Points
Long-distance management
Long-term deployments
In-Network data processing
Detection, estimation, imaging in large random sampled sensor field
NSF STC Review
September 17, 2018