1. Descriptive Statistics
Practical Statistics
Descriptive Statistics

2. There are six statistics that will answer 90% of all questions!

3. There six are:
Descriptive

4. There six are:
Descriptive
Chi-square

5. There six are:
Descriptive
Chi-square
Z-tests

6. There six are:
Descriptive
Chi-square
Z-tests
t-tests

7. There six are:
5. Correlation (association)

8. There six are:
5. Correlation
6. Regression

9. Descriptive Statistics
These are utilized to describe the characteristic
of a population (parameter), or
the characteristics of a sample (a statistic)
Many business problems can be solved by
knowing only descriptive statistics.

10. Geodemography

11. Geodemography

12. Geodemography

13. Descriptive Statistics
Simple counts: frequency

14. Descriptive Statistics Simple counts: frequency
The amount of time (in seconds) needed for assembly-line workers
to complete a weld was recorded for 40 workers.
a. What is the frequency for each amount of time?

15. Descriptive Statistics
Simple counts: histograms

16. Open the file called WeldDat.sav
Do the following:
Graphs
Graphboard Template…
Select WeldTime
Select histogram with Normal… OK

17. Descriptive Statistics
Simple counts: histograms

18. Descriptive Statistics
Simple counts: ogive

19. Descriptive Statistics Simple counts: ogive

20. Symmetry

23. Right
Left

25. Descriptive Statistics Back to the workers making welds…..
The amount of time (in seconds) needed for assembly-line workers
to complete a weld was recorded for 40 workers. 25

26. Descriptive Statistics Central tendency:
A single number to represent a group.

27. Descriptive Statistics
The average is The standard deviation is 4.77.
The amount of time (in seconds) needed for assembly-line workers
to complete a weld was recorded for 40 workers. 27

28. Descriptive Statistics Central tendency:
1. Mode
The most frequent score.

29. Descriptive Statistics Central tendency:
1. Mode
2. Median
Half the numbers are larger, half are smaller.

30. Descriptive Statistics Central tendency:
1. Mode
2. Median
3. Mean
The center of gravity of a distribution

31. Descriptive Statistics Central tendency:
1. Mode
2. Median
3. Mean
Arithmetic
Harmonic
Geometric

32. Descriptive Statistics Central tendency:
1. Mode
2. Median
3. Mean
Arithmetic

33. Descriptive Statistics Central tendency:
3. Mean
Harmonic

34. Descriptive Statistics Central tendency:
3. Mean
Harmonic

35. Descriptive Statistics Central tendency:
3. Mean
Harmonic

36. Descriptive Statistics Central tendency:
1. Mode
2. Median
3. Mean
Harmonic

37. Descriptive Statistics Central tendency:
1. Mode
2. Median
3. Mean
Geometrical (For pure ratio numbers)

38. Does pricing following perception or volume?
Geometric Mean:
Does pricing following perception or volume?
If a package holds twice as much should it be priced as twice
that of a package that holds
half as much?

39. Problem: Customers do not perceive volume correctly.

40. Geometric Mean:
Does pricing following perception or volume?
The perception of volume follows:
Seven’s Law:
How should this be done?

41. Descriptive Statistics Measure of Variation:
Again a single number to represent a group.

42. Descriptive Statistics
Measure of Variation:
Range
a. (Highest – Lowest) + 1
b. Subject to deviancy

43. Descriptive Statistics
Measure of Variation:
Range
Mean Deviation
a. Problem: Variation logically would be
the average deviation around a measure
of central tendency.

44. Descriptive Statistics Measure of Variation: Range Mean Deviation
a. Problem: But…
Always!!

45. Descriptive Statistics
Measure of Variation:
Range
Mean Deviation
a. Problem: So negative can be removed by
looking at the absolute value.

46. Descriptive Statistics
Measure of Variation:
Range
Mean Deviation
a. Problem: Negative can be removed
by squaring the value.

47. Descriptive Statistics
Measure of Variation:
Range
Mean Deviation
a. Problem: This is the definition of:
3. Variance

48. Descriptive Statistics Measure of Variation: Range Mean Deviation
3. Variance
a. Problem: This is difficult to work with
descriptively, so the square root can be taken.

49. Descriptive Statistics Measure of Variation: Range Mean Deviation
3. Variance
a. This is called the:
4. Standard Deviation

50. The standard deviation is:
Roughly the average difference scores are
from the average.
Or:
It is roughly the average difference between
two measures taken from the same population.
It is an intuitive measure.

51. The amount of time (in seconds) needed for assembly-line workers to
complete a weld was recorded for 40 workers.

52. Give the central tendency measures of this sample.
What is the range, variance and standard deviation?
Explain what you now know about the time it takes to make welds.
d. When should a worker be reprimanded or fired for working too slow?

53. Give the central tendency measures of this sample.

54. Give the central tendency measures of this sample.
What is the range, variance and standard deviation?

55. Give the central tendency measures of this sample.
What is the range, variance and standard deviation?
Explain what you now know about the time it takes to make welds.

56. Give the central tendency measures of this sample.
What is the range, variance and standard deviation?
Explain what you now know about the time it takes to make welds.
When should a worker be reprimanded or fired for working
too slow?