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Cell Structure & Function
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Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
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Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
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Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
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Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
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Prokaryotic Do not have a nucleus
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Eukaryotic Have a nucleus (DNA contained in nucleus)
More complex that prokaryotes Plant Animal
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“Typical” Animal Cell
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“Typical” Plant Cell
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Cell Parts Organelles
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The Big 5 There are 5 major organelles that you should focus on. These are the ones most essential to cell function and are the ones I am looking for most when grading. Cell Membrane Cell Wall Nucleus Chloroplast Mitochondria.
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Surrounding the Cell
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Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell. (Walls/Borders) Double layer Found in Plant and Animal Cells
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Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
Supports & protects cells
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Inside the Cell
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Nucleus Directs cell activities (Capital)
Contains genetic material – DNA (so it can reproduce). This is contained in things known as Chromosomes
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Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane/cell wall
This is the gelatin-like material where all the organelles are located. Surrounded by cell membrane/cell wall (Land)
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Mitochondria These are the power houses of the cell. (Power Plant)
These are organelles that use oxygen to get energy from processing food. This organelle provides the cell with the energy it needs to do its job
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Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands. (Construction Workers)
Make proteins (which is what the cell is made up of) Found on Endoplasmic Reticulum & floating throughout the cell
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Transport Systems in Cell
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Moves materials around in cell. (Highway) Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type: ribosomes embedded in surface
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Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant‘ Alters proteins into usable forms for the cell. (Post Office) Also moves materials within the cell Also moves materials out of the cell
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Lysosome Breaks down and transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal. (Trash Removal)
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Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal. (Storage) Contains water solution. Animal cells have many small vacuoles. Plant cells have one large vacuole called the central vacuole.
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Plant Cells Only
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Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
Supports & protects cells
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Central Vacuole Is a large Vacuole in the middle of the cell. Plants do not typically have more than one vacuole. Help plants maintain shape
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Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll
Where photosynthesis takes place
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Questions 15.2 Section Questions 1-5
Draw, Color, and Label and Describe the function of a plant and an animal cell.
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