1. C-Notes: Eukaryotic Cell (Plant and Animal Cell)
Stnd: BI 1.c, 1e, 1j
C-Notes: Eukaryotic Cell (Plant and Animal Cell)
11/20/13
SWBAT compare and contrast the structure of an animal cell with that of a plant cell.
Objective:

2. “Little Organs inside the cells”
What are Organelles?
“Little Organs inside the cells”
Tiny little membrane-bound structures found only in Eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions to keep the cell alive.
Which includes:
Cell (Plasma) Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
**Most organelles are found in both plant and animal cells.**
Lysosome
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Central Vacuole
**Some organelles are found only in animal cells and others are located only in plant cells.**

3. Now let’s talk about structures only found in both ANIMAL and PLANT Cells!!

4. double-layered membrane that surrounds the cell
What is the Cell (Plasma) Membrane?
Structure:
double-layered membrane that surrounds the cell
Also called Phosopholipid Bilayer
Function:
Protects the cell
Controls what enters and leaves the cell to help maintain cell shape
Selectively Semi-Permeable because it only allows some substances to pass through it and others cannot.
Diffusion
Osmosis

5. Cell (Plasma) Membrane
A complex barrier of lipid and protein molecules.

6. Cell (Plasma) Membrane
In animal cells the membrane is located outside the cell border.
In plant cells the membrane is located inside the cell wall.

7. Diffusion (Passive Transport)
A process where cells absorb materials.
The movement of molecules (liquids and gases) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Does not require energy.
Diffusion is also called passive transport.

8. Active Transport
Sometimes materials move from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
This process requires energy (ATP).
Active Transport is the opposite of passive transport or diffusion.

9. Osmosis
A special kind of diffusion of water through the cell membrane.
During osmosis water moves across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration. (hypotonic  hypertonic)

10. help us to predict the direction that water and solutes will move.
Why does using the terms hypotonic and hypertonic describe the cell environment?
help us to predict the direction that water and solutes will move.
Hypotonic
Smaller concentration (less) solutes
Greater concentration (more) water
Ex: Cells
Hypertonic
Greater concentration (more) solutes
Smaller concentration (less) water
Ex: Cell’s Environment
**Osmosis (the movement of water) will move from hypotonic toward hypertonic.**

11. How does using the terms isotonic describe the cell environment?
Both environments (separated by a membrane) have the same concentration of water and the same concentration of solutes.

12. What about the Cell in each case?

13. The Fate of Animal Cells
Water will either rush in or out of the cell
There is no cell wall to help fight osmosis or create pressure.

14. Plant Cells have Cell Walls!
Pressure of the Cell Membrane against the cell wall
The cell wall helps push back so that water can’t cause the cell to burst as in animal cells.
When water rushes out of the plant cell, the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall and PLASMOLYSIS Occurs

15. Structure: (Made of 3 types of filaments):
What is the Cytoskeleton? “Backbone”
(1j)
Structure: (Made of 3 types of filaments):
Microtubules (Fine protein treads)
Microfilaments (thin protein threads)
Intermediate filaments
Function:
Provides shape and structure
Acts as skeleton and muscle(movement)
quick assembly and disassembly of microtubules and microfilaments, and their ability to slide past one another enable cells to move
Ex: white blood cells and amoeba
movement of organelles within the cell use this same mechanism.

16. A clear “jelly-like fluid” that fills the cell. Function:
What is the Cytoplasm?
Structure:
A clear “jelly-like fluid” that fills the cell.
Function:
Provides support to the organelles and moves materials throughout the cell

17. Contains DNA (genetic material) for instructions to make proteins.
What is the Nucleus?
“Control Center”
Structure:
Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes
Surrounded by its own membrane (nuclear membrane)
Function:
Contains DNA (genetic material) for instructions to make proteins.

18. Chromosomes
Long threadlike structures located in the nucleus of the cell.
They contain heredity information organized as genes.
Genes are heredity units made up of DNA that control cell activities and may be passed on to the next generation.

19. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

20. Site of protein synthesis (make proteins)
What are Ribosomes?
Structure:
Found attached to the Rough ER or floating freely in the cytoplasm
Function:
Site of protein synthesis (make proteins)
Found both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

21. Structure: Two types: Rough ER: Smooth ER:
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?
“Highway or Roads”
Structure:
Series of folded membranes that forms sacs or tubes that is connected to the Nuclear Membrane of the Nucleus
Two types:
Rough ER:
Rough appearance because it has Ribosomes attached
Function: makes PROTEINS
Smooth ER:
Smooth appearance because it has NO Ribosomes attached
Function: makes LIPIDS/FATS

22. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Go to Section:

23. Site of Cellular Respiration
Structure:
Double membrane-bound that has it’s own strand of DNA.
Function:
Site of Cellular Respiration
Breaks down food to make energy (ATP) for the cell to use
ATP : is the major fuel for all cell activities, without the constant production of ATP (energy) the cell would die.
What is the Mitochondria? “Power House”

24. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies

25. Structure:
Stacks of pancakes or plates
Function:
Stores, Packages, modifies, and transport proteins to different location inside/outside of the cell by VESICLES.
What is the Golgi Apparatus
(Body)?
“Shippers”
(1e)

26. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Go to Section:

27. Now let’s talk about structures only found in both ANIMAL Cells!!

28. Structure:
Membrane-bound circular sacs (vesicles) that contains digestive enzymes
a little larger than ribosomes
Found in Golgi Apparatus
Function:
Breakdown particles/food so that the rest of the cell can use and destroy old wanted cells.
What is the Lysosomes? “Garbage Disposal”

29. What are Centrioles?
Structure:
Small proteins tubes of microtubules that look like cylinders
Located near the nucleus
Function:
Forms fibers in Cell Division (Mitosis and Meiosis) as spindles which separates chromosomes.

30. Now let’s talk about structures only found in both PLANT Cells!!

31. What is the Large Central Vacuole? Function
large storage containers for water and food
this is what makes lettuce crisp
when there is no water, the plant wilts.

32. Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Cell Membrane
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

33. Double membrane-bound that has it’s own DNA.
Structure:
Double membrane-bound that has it’s own DNA.
Contains a Green pigment (color) called chlorophyll.
Function
Site of Photosynthesis
food production  glucose
Absorbs sunlight to make food for the plant cell
What are Chloroplast?

34. Chloroplasts

35. Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

36. What is the Cell Wall?
Structure:
Make of cellulose
Located outside of the cell membrane of plants and bacterial cells
Function
Rigid, protective barrier that add extra support and protection for the cell membrane
Allows water and dissolved substances to pass through.

37. Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Go to Section:

38. Plant Cell Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosomes Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Golgi Bodies
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Rough ER

39. III. Plant vs Animal Cells
A. Plant and animal cells have a lot of the same organelles.

40. B. The difference is that plants have:
1. cell walls
2. chloroplasts
3. a large central vacuole

41. Quick Review Which organelle is the control center of the cell?
Nucleus
Which organelle holds the cell together?
Cell membrane
Which organelles are not found in animal cells?
Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
Which organelle helps plant cells make food?
Chloroplasts
What does E.R. stand for?
Endoplasmic reticulum
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