1. Cell Structure & Function

2. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

3. Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

4. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell

5. Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

6. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
Few internal structures
One-celled organisms, Bacteria

8. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms
Plant
Animal

9. “Typical” Animal Cell

10. “Typical” Plant Cell

11. Cell Parts
Organelles

12. Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell Contains the cell contents
Controls what gets in and out of the cell
Is selectively permeable

13. Nucleus Directs cell activities- the “Control Center”
Contains genetic material – DNA
Usually the easiest organelle to see under a microscope

14. ADD
THE
LABELS

15. Cytoplasm
Gel-like mixture
Surrounded by cell membrane

16. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Moves materials around in cell- the “Assembly line or Roads”
Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
Rough type (pictured): ribosomes attached to surface

18. Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins
Found on RER & floating throughout the cell

19. Mitochondria
Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use
“Power plant” of the cell

23. Golgi Bodies Protein “packaging plant” or “shippers”
Coats proteins and other materials so they can move different location inside/outside of cell

25. Golgi Apparatus

26. Lysosome The “Clean-up Crew”
Filled with enzymes that break apart molecules that are small enough for cell to use
Get rid of wastes “garbage disposal”
Destroy old cells/organelles; “suicide sacs”

27. Lysosomes
Tay-Sachs disease occurs when the lysosome is missing the enzyme needed to digest a lipid found in nerve cells.
As a result the lipid accumulates and nerve cells are damaged as the lysosome swells with undigested lipid.

28. Centriole Aids in cell division Only in animal cells
Microtubules are also part of the cytoskeleton.

29. Vacuoles Large central vacuole in plant cells
Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells
“Storage container” for water, food, wastes, etc.
The image is 2D, so it must have been a light microscope or TEM. If the cell is very tiny, then a TEM was used. Otherwise, a strong light microscope could have captured this image.

30. Plant Cell Features Unique Features of Plant Cells
Plant cells have three structures that animal cells lack:
a cell wall
Chloroplasts
Large vacuole

31. Chloroplast
Found in plant cells
Capture energy from the sunlight and convert it into chemical energy…PHOTOSYNTHESIS!
Green in color because of chlorophyll, a green pigment

34. Cell Wall Found in plant and bacterial cells
Rigid, protective barrier that provides support
Located outside of the cell membrane
Made of cellulose (fiber)
This is an actual microscopic image. Explain that the colors are added digitally to enhance the different parts.

36. Quick Review Which organelle is the control center of the cell?
Nucleus
Which organelle holds the cell together?
Cell membrane
Which organelles are not found in animal cells?
Cell wall, chloroplasts
Which organelle helps plant cells make food?
Chloroplasts
What does E.R. stand for?
Endoplasmic reticulum
You may choose to delete the answers from the PowerPoint or change the animation so that they come in after all 5 questions are asked in case you want to quiz students individually at the end.

37. Elodea Cells

38. Cheek Cells Stained with Methyl Blue
Plasma
Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm