1. Current trends and Practices in Library Technologies
Marshall Breeding
Independent Consultant, Author, and
Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides
2018 Library Technology Conclave
24 January 2018

2. Description
In this Keynote presentation, Marshall Breeding will give an overview of current and emerging trends in the products and services used by libraries for resource management, discovery, and other aspects of their operations and services.  Breeding will discuss topics including trends for library management systems based on open source software and those provided as proprietary products, different models of resource management, discovery interfaces and index-based discovery services, and the increasingly different requirements across library types.  Emphases will be given to the trends seen in countries such as India compared to other global regions

3. Perspective and Context
Increasing divergence among library types regarding requirements for supporting technical infrastructure: Academic, Public, National, School, Special
Approaches to library service vary according to international region
Broad range of economic capacity or support across countries and regions and even within some countries. (especially United States)

4. Indian Library Perspective
Librarians must adapt global technologies to their local context
A large and diverse country
Many different languages (22 official)
High capacity for technology: many companies outsource software development to India
Libraries in India have limited financial resources and strive to implement effective solutions

5. Library Technology Guides

6. Libraries.org directory
Global directory of libraries
Descriptive data (location, type, collection size, etc)
Technology: ILS, Discovery, etc: past and present
Lists, maps, reports

7. Library Tech Mergers

8. Key Vendors

9. Migration Reports

10. Vendor Personnel Statistics

11. Library Technology Industry
Recent Trends and Events

12. Library Technology Industry Reports
American Libraries
Library Journal
2013: Rush to Innovate
2012: Agents of Change
2011: New Frontier
2010: New Models, Core Systems
2009: Investing in the Future
2008: Opportunity out of turmoil
2007: An industry redefined
2006: Reshuffling the deck
2005: Gradual evolution
2004: Migration down, innovation up
2003: The competition heats up
2002: Capturing the migrating customer
2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation
2015: Operationalizing Innovation
2016: Power Plays
2017: Competing visions for Technology, openness, workflows

13. “Competing visions for technology, openness, and workflow”
Library System Report 2017
“Competing visions for technology, openness, and workflow”

14. 2017: Competing Visions
Assembly of companies with involvement in business activities spanning technology and content
Synergies among business activities which will give insight to inform business strategies without imposing control on their library customers
Horizontal and Vertical Consolidation
Mergers among companies with similar business activates
Expansion into new areas of business
Library technology increasingly part of the mix

15. Consolidation: deep and wide
Horizontal consolidation: M&A among ILS and RFID companies
SirsiDynix
Innovative
Bibliotheca
Lucidea
Vertical Consolidation: Acquisition into top-level companies
Content + Technology + Services
ProQuest: Acquisition of Ex Libris, Serials Solutions
EBSCO: FOLIO, Stacks, etc
Follett: Acquisition of Baker & Taylor

16. Transition in Scholarly Publishers
Comparison of Research Search and workflow Tools
Elsevier
Digital Science
Clarivate
Citation database
Scopus
Dimensions
Web of Science
Content indexed
69 million publications from 5,000 publishers; 22,800 journals; 150,000 books
89 million publications; 870 million citations
68 million publications; 33,000 journals; 88,000 books
Analytics
SciVal
Plum Analytics PlumX
Altmetric
InSites Essential Science Indicators
Reference Manager
Mendeley
EndNote
Research information management system
Pure
Symplectic
management system for journals
ScholarOne
Peer review tracking and recognition
Publons
Research data repository
FigShare
Institutional article repository
bepress
Scientific collaborative network
SSRN
Media monitoring of articles and research
Newsflo
Collaborative writing and publishing tool
Hivebench electronic lab notebook
Overleaf
Decision support for science funding
ÜberResearch
Ownership
RELX (previously Reed Elsevier. Publicly traded on London Stock Exchange and Amsterdam Stock Exchange)
Holtzbrinck Publishing Group
Baring Private Equity Asia (previously part of Thompson Reuters)

17. General Technology Trends

18. Fundamental technology shift
Mainframe computing
Client/Server
Cloud Computing

19. Software Development Styles
Monolithic Applications
Codebase of application deployed as a single bundle of executables and libraries on a unified platform
Microservices Architecture
Multiple independent software components orchestrated to form a unified application
Common infrastructure:
User interface toolkit
API Gateway
Persistence layer

20. } Monolithic Application: Enterprise SOA Model
Scripts/ Third Party Systems
User Interfaces
API endpoints
Web service
Presentation Layer
Application software Business Logic }
Reusable
Composable Services
Enterprise Service Bus
Database Engine
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21. Microservices-based Application
Scripts/ Third Party Systems
User Interfaces
API endpoints
Presentation Layer / UI Toolkit
API Gateway
Microservice
Data Store
Web service
Run time libraries
Application software
Service components
Microservice
Data Store
Web service
Run time libraries
Application software
Service components
Microservice
Data Store
Web service
Run time libraries
Application software
Service components
Microservice
Data Store
Web service
Run time libraries
Application software
Service components
Microservice
Data Store
Web service
Run time libraries
Application software
Service components
Microservice
Data Store
Web service
Run time libraries
Application software
Service components
Microservice
Data Store
Web service
Run time libraries
Application software
Service components
Microservice
Data Store
Web service
Run time libraries
Application software
Service components
Microservice
Data Store
Web service
Run time libraries
Application software
Service components
Microservice
Data Store
Web service
Run time libraries
Application software
Service components
Persistence / System Layer

22. Software as a Service Multi Tennant SaaS is the modern approach
One copy of the code base serves multiple sites
Software functionality delivered entirely through Web interfaces
No workstation clients
Upgrades and fixes deployed universally
Usually in small increments

23. Data as a service
SaaS provides opportunity for highly shared data models
E-resource knowledge bases
Article-level discovery indexes
Shared vendor profiles
General opportunity to move away from library- by-library metadata management to globally shared workflows

24. Open Systems
Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies
Libraries need to do more with their data
Ability to improve customer experience and operational efficiencies
Demand for Interoperability
Open source – full access to internal program of the application
Open API’s – expose programmatic interfaces to data and functionality

25. Open Source Software
Expanding access to technology

26. General observations
Wealthy regions primarily use proprietary products
Sophisticated systems, but with substantial costs for libraries
Proprietary products not affordable by most libraries in developing world
Open source ILS products have comparable capabilities and can be implemented at lower costs
Gaps in functionality between open source and proprietary ILS products continue to narrow
Open source options for electronic resource management are available, but have less capabilities
Lack of open access knowledgebase and discovery index

27. Open Source vs Proprietary Software
Library software available under both models
Proprietary software tends to be adopted in libraries with more robust budgets
…but many libraries in wealthy countries also use open source ILS products
Open source software widely implemented in developing nations
Commercial support of open source represents a growing portion of ILS implementations in the US

28. Open Source Software
The source code to the software must be made available
Can be modified and shared
No fees can be charged for the software itself
Fees can be charged for services for open source software products:
Support
Hosting
Migration
Customizations
OSS licenses specify different terms for sharing, re-use, commercial use, etc. (GPL, Apache)

29. Trends in Open Source
Open source now a routine segment of strategic library automation
Implementation models:
Commercial support
Independent with community support
Support through governmental organizations
Development models
Distributed community
Mostly centralized within a commercial community (Example Kuali suite of applications for universities)

30. Open source Library Tech Products
Integrated library systems:
Koha
Evergreen
ABCD
ILS based on CDS/ISIS components
Library Services Platforms
FOLIO
Still in development phase
Discovery interfaces
VuFind (PHP + SOLR)
Blacklight (Ruby + SOLR)

31. Open Source ILS in the United States
Koha:
small to mid-sized public libraries
Schools
Some small to mid-sized academics for print collections; reliance on Coral or other products for electronic resource management
Evergreen
Public library consortia
Typical: large consortium comprised mostly of small and mid-sized public libraries
Koha + Evergreen: about15% of overall ILS deployments

32. Koha
Originally developed in 1999 for small group of libraries in New Zealand, Horowhenua Library Trust by Katipo Communications, production use by January 2000
Gained widespread use in the United States around and has seen steady growth in use
Wide international adoption
Used in many thousands of libraries. 2,682 represented in libraries.org, with many large groups not yet registered.
Dominant open source SIGB in Latin America

33. Koha Worldwide

34. National Projects to deploy Koha
Philippines: A systematic effort to install Koha in the public libraries sponsored by the state libraries
Turkey: 1,200+ public libraries
Spain: Koha-Kobli
Argentina. CONABIP (Comisión Nacional de Bibliotecas Populares)
Customized version of Koha: DigiBepe

35. Koha in India Widespread use throughout the country
Other systems used include LibSys and other locally developed systems
Municipal library systems (Delhi Public Library)
University, public, and school libraries
Large number of consulting firms provide implementation and support services for Koha in India
Many Indian libraries implement Koha independently
No systematic data on deployments
Possible project to work on improving representation of libraries in India in the libraries.org director of libraries in Library Technology Guides

36. Evergreen
Open source ILS originally developed for PINES consortium in Georgia
Optimized for large consortia comprised of small to mid-sized public libraries
Mostly implemented within United States and Canada

37. Evergreen Worldwide

38. Academic Library Perspective

39. Operational trends in large Academic Libraries
Spending on Electronic Resources dominates budgets
Generally flat budgets + 4% annual inflation = budget stress
Decreasing spending on print monographs
Transition from print to electronic journals complete, shift to e-books underway.
Demand-driven acquisitions

40. Legacy: Fragmented Environment
Integrated Library System for management of (mostly) print
Duplicative financial systems between library and university
Electronic Resource Management
E-Resource knowledge base and Link Resolver
A-Z e-journal lists and other finding aids
Interlibrary loan (borrowing and lending)
Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.)
Separate systems for archival materials and special collections
Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections
No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

41. Library Services Platform
Library-specific software. Technical infrastructure to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services
Services
Services-oriented architecture
Exposes Web services and other API’s
Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users
Platform
General infrastructure for library automation
Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service
Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data

42. Library Services Platforms
New genre of resource management
Workflows unified across electronic, print, and digital formats
Flexible metadata management: MARC, Dublin Core, BIBFRAME, etc.
Deployed via web-native multi-tenant platform
Built-in analytics and decision support

43. Library Services Platforms – Functional
Manages electronic and print formats of materials
Replaces multiple incumbent products
Extensive Metadata Management
Multiple procurement workflows
Knowledgebases
Built-in collection analytics
Decision support for collection development

44. Platform characteristics
Technical infrastructure to support complex business applications
Delivers common services: data stores, messaging, events, workflow engine
Agnostic relative to structure of higher-level applications
Common UI framework
Designed for multitenancy

45. Shared Technology Infrastructure
Increasing interest in shared technology infrastructure among members of library systems and consortia
Shift from stand-alone implementations to shared infrastructure
Remove obstacles to strategic collaboration
Collaborative Collection Development
Shared access to collections
Re-distribution of technical services
Ability to share language experts and subject specialists

46. Benefits of shared infrastructure
Increased cooperation and resource sharing
Collaborative collection management
Lower costs per institution
Greater universe of content readily available to patrons
Avoid add-on components for union catalog and resource requests and routing

47. Shared infrastructure Projects
Orbis Cascade
WHELF
South Australia
Ireland Public Libraries
JULAC
California State University
University System of Georgia
Complete Florida Plus Program
University of Wisconsin system

48. Beyond the Library Services Platform
More efficient ways to manage collections is a positive move, but not in itself transformative
Build on the LSP infrastructure to support new areas of library service
Involvement with the management, preservation, and access of research data
Deeper involvement in teaching activities: resource lists for courses; other areas of curriculum support
Facilitate collaboration among students, faculty within the institution and globally
Help expand the impact of libraries globally

49. Public Library Perspective

50. Public Library Perspective
Operational strategies distinct from academics
Vigorous lending services of physical materials
Emphasis on customer engagement
Lending of downloadable e-books and audiobooks; streaming of digital content
Delivery of collection access and services via mobile devices
Requirements for organically integrated environments which promote the brand and services of the library

51. ILS reigns in public libraries
No re-designed platforms for public libraries
Axiell recently announced a library services platform for public libraries (initially for France and Norway)
ILS model remains in place
Evolving toward modern platforms
New e-book functionality layered in

52. Technology Characteristics
Originally mainframe/terminal
Adapted to Client/Server
Web-based online catalogs
Dedicated Staff clients
Windows or Java
Demand for Web-based staff clients

53. Emphasis on Digital Lending Services
Most public libraries offer some type of e-book lending service
Ongoing reliance on content provided by OverDrive, Recorded Books, Bibliotheca, Odilo and others
Interest in library centered e-book lending solutions
NYPL: SimplyE App (created as part of the Library Simplified imitative)

54. E-book integration link to provider’s platform
Load bibliographic records in catalog
API integration to enable full discovery, search, and download from library catalog

55. E-Book Integration Model
Aggregated Content packages
Search:
ILS Data
Library Catalog
Index
Search Results
Web Site Content
Digital Collections
Authentication
Checkout - Download
External
E-Book Lending Service
Local E-book
Repository
Discovery

56. Resource Discovery Trends

57. Current state Academic Libraries: Public Libraries
Index-based model dominates
3: Ex Libris, EBSCO, OCLC
Emerge genre of AI-based tools for discovery and exploration of scholarly literature
Public Libraries
Online catalogs or discovery interfaces from ILS Vendor
Replacement Discovery Interfaces
Comprehensive Library portals

58. Web-scale Index-based Discovery
ILS Data
Web-scale Index-based Discovery
(2009- present)
Digital Collections
Search:
Web Site Content
Institutional Repositories
Aggregated Content packages
Search Results
Consolidated Index
Open Access …
E-Journals
Usage-generated Data
Customer Profile
Reference Sources
Pre-built harvesting and indexing

59. Bento Box Discovery Model
Aggregated Content packages
Search:
Open Access
ILS Data
VuFind / Blacklight
E-Journals
Consolidated Index
Search Results
Web Site Content
Digital Collections
Institutional Repositories
Pre-built harvesting and indexing

60. Yewno Discovery
New approach to discovery based on exploring concepts rather than keywords
Spin-off from Stanford University, led by Ruggero Gramatica
Uses machine learning to extract concepts from documents
Visual interface for navigating and exploring concepts within the body of documents

61. Discovery beyond Library Interfaces
Improved performance of library content through Google Scholar
Same expectations for transparency?
Better exposure of library-oriented content
Schema.org or other microdata formats
Better exposure of scholarly resources
Open access and Proprietary
Embedded tools in other campus interfaces

62. Concluding observations
Libraries in India need to be aware of the global context
Work toward selections of local and global solutions that fit your strategies and requirements
Leverage the deep technical capacity to contribute to open source projects and vendor initiatives to advance library technologies for Indian libraries.

63. Questions and discussion