1. Agenda – Monday, February 10th
Hand back quizzes/collect homework
Neurotransmission review and notes
Homework: NONE

2. Quizzes #3 and #4 Quiz #3 Quiz #4 5th hour Mean: 10.5/13

3. Biology of the Mind

4. Starting Small
Find your partner (person with the matching term/definition)
Three tasks
ASK: What part of the biology unit are you MOST overwhelmed by?
Using the blank diagram, try your best (WITHOUT NOTES) to label the neuron

5. Types of Cells Individual nerve cells
Neurons
Glial Cells
Individual nerve cells
Generate and conduct electrical impulses
Thoughts, movement, behavior, pain, pleasure, memories, etc.
“Housekeeper” cells
Hold neurons in place
Transport oxygen and nutrients to neurons
Remove and destroy dead neurons

6. Types of Neurons Afferent Neurons (Sensory) Efferent Neurons (Motor)
Transfer information from sensory receptors to the brain
(A for ARRIVAL)
Efferent Neurons (Motor)
Transfer information from the brain to rest of body
(E for EXIT)
Interneurons
Internal communication within the Central Nervous System
(I for INTERNAL)

7. The Neuron

8. Agenda – Tuesday, February 11th
Continue neurotransmission notes
Neurotransmitter article assignment
Article due THURSDAY

9. Neurotransmission
Resting Potential: Each neuron sits/rests at a -70 charge, which is the only time the neuron is capable of firing an action potential
Threshold: The amount of neurotransmitters that need to be received to trigger an action potential
Action Potential: A brief electrical charge that travels through a neuron allowing a neurotransmitter to exit the neuron and enter another

11. Neurotransmission
All-or-none potential: A neuron either fires or it doesn’t (no in-between)
Like a gun
Depolarization: A message from another neuron causes the inside of the neuron to become positive (+)
Selective Permeability: The membrane letting in/shutting out certain ions

12. Neurotransmission
Repolarization: Occurs right after the action potential as potassium moves out of the inside of the cell restoring the inside back to a negative charge
Refractory period: A brief period that the neuron cannot fire until -70 charge is restored

13. Neural Firing

14. The Magic School Bus
There is a bus full of unhappy children on their way to Normal Community High school. They’re feeling sad because the world outside looks so happy, the sun is shining, the birds are chirping, etc. At a certain point, the driver makes a stop and picks up a kid by opening the bus door. The wonderful air whooshes in, and if enough kids go from sad to happy, then they start getting rambunctious. Having now, wasted their energy, there’s a short time before they can start it up again.
Parts of a Neuron
Soma
Nucleus
Dendrite
Axon
Myelin Sheath
Neuronal Firing
Resting Potential
Threshold
All-or-Nothing
Depolarization
Selective Permeability Repolarization
Refractory Period

15. http://science. education. nih
addiction/activities/lesson2_neurotransmission.htm

16. Agenda – Thursday, February 13th
Neurotransmitter Review
Handout
Discussion
If time: work on “Brain Game” review
Homework: EXAM #2 TOMORROW!!!

17. Neurotransmitters Purpose:
Chemicals that transmit signals from neurons through the process of neurotransmission
Provide meaning and use to our brain structures

18. Neurotransmitters GABA Norepinephrine Glutamate
Serotonin: Regulates mood, sleep, eating, arousal, and pain
Low levels contribute to depression and suicidal tendencies
Dopamine
Acetylcholine

19. Attention; Emotion (Pleasure); voluntary movement
Neurotransmitters
Normal Function:
Attention; Emotion (Pleasure); voluntary movement
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Problems with Imbalance:
Too much: Schizophrenia, Too little: Parkinson’s
GABA
Glutamine
Substances that Affect:
Cocaine, amphetamines, Ritalin, alcohol
Endorphins

22. Mood, Hunger, Sleep, & Arousal
Neurotransmitters
Normal Function:
Mood, Hunger, Sleep, & Arousal
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Problems with Imbalance:
Lack associated with Depression, certain anxiety disorders (OCD)
GABA
Glutamine
Substances that Affect:
Prozac, hallucinogenics (e.g. LSD)
Endorphins

24. Muscle Action, Learning & Memory
Neurotransmitters
Dopamine
Normal Function:
Muscle Action, Learning & Memory
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Problems with Imbalance:
Certain muscular disorders, Alzheimer’s disease
GABA
Glutamine
Substances that Affect:
Curare
(Antagonist: Blocks NT)
Endorphins

25. Most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in neurons of CNS
Neurotransmitters
Normal Function:
Most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in neurons of CNS
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Problems with Imbalance:
Lack of leads to Seizures & Tremors
GABA
Glutamine
Substances that Affect:
Tranquilizers (e.g. Valium, Librium), alcohol
Endorphins

26. Too much overstimulates brain: Migranes & Seizures
Neurotransmitters
Dopamine
Normal Function:
Primary excitatory neurotransmitter in CNS; involved in learning and memory
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Problems with Imbalance:
Too much overstimulates brain: Migranes & Seizures
GABA
Glutamine
Substances that Affect:
PCP (“angel dust”), MSG
Endorphins

27. Pleasure (Addiction) and control of pain
Neurotransmitters
Dopamine
Normal Function:
Pleasure (Addiction) and control of pain
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Problems with Imbalance:
Lack of leads to heightened sensation of pain
GABA
Substances that Affect:
Opiates: opium, heroin, morphine, methadone
(Agonists: Mimic)
Glutamine
Endorphins

28. http://www.thirteen.org/closetohome/animation/co ca-anim.html