1. Cardiovascular System
KNH 411

2. Hypertension Nutrition Therapy
DASH – Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
Decrease sodium, saturated fat, alcohol
Increase calcium, potassium, fiber
Lifestyle modifications
Weight loss

4. Hypertension Nutrition Therapy
Sodium restriction controversial
“salt sensitive” or “salt resistance”
Limit processed & cured foods, no added salt during preparation and cooking
Limit to 2400 mg/day
*Only about 5% of the time you hit the mark. One small component
African Americans, older adults, and people with diabetes

7. Hypertension Nutrition Therapy
DASH-Dietary Approaches to Stopping Hypertension
Decrease Sodium, saturated fat, alcohol
Increase calcium, potassium, fiber
Lifestyle Changes

9. *Reduce alcohol and saturated fat
*weight reduction these decrease triglycerides

10. Atherosclerosis Etiology - risk factors cont. Physical inactivity
Atherogenic diet
- high in fat, low in fiber
Diabetes mellitus: highest risk of CAD because of:
Impaired fasting glucose/ metabolic syndrome
Cigarette smoke
TLC plan, CAD and stroke
TLC plan
CAD and stroke

11. © 2007 Thomson - Wadsworth

12. *pay attention to step 3
*pay attention to step 3

13. *step 6 is what we will do to take action
© 2007 Thomson - Wadsworth

15. Atherosclerosis Nutrition Therapy
Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) developed as component of ATP-III
Modifications in fat, cholesterol
Rich in fruits, vegetables, grains, fiber
Limit sodium to 2400 mg
Include stanol esters

16. © 2007 Thomson - Wadsworth

17. Atherosclerosis Nutrition Therapy - Fat Modifications
Total fat 25-35% of calories
Very-low-fat diets
Saturated fat < 7% of calories
Avoid trans fats
Increase intake of monounsaturated fats &
Polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acids
Increase intake of omega-3 essential fatty acids
Limit dietary cholesterol < 200 mg daily

19. Atherosclerosis Nutrition Therapy - Other
Increase sources of soluble fiber
Increase intake of plant sterols
Weight loss – BMI
Regular physical activity

20. Atherosclerosis Nutrition Therapy Prescription
Assessment of dietary fat intake, saturated fat intake
MEDFICTS assessment tool
Dietary CAGE questions
REAP
Target weight calculated
Prioritize nutrition problems
Multiple planned visits with R.D.

22. Ischemic Heart Disease
Nutrition Therapy
Post MI
Decrease oral intake
Clear liquids, no caffeine
Progress to soft, more frequent meals
Individualized – use TLC recommendations
These people may have lost some function, so have to alter

23. Heart Failure Nutrition Therapy Intervention
Control signs and symptoms
Promote overall nutritional status rehabilitation
Sodium and fluid restriction
2000 mg Na
Fluid 1 mL/kcal or 35 mL/kg
Correction of deficiencies
Increase nutrient density
Enhance oral intake
Just get enough calories to sustain them until they get transplant
When calculating fluid CCs, keep in mind the amt. of water in foods (ex iceburg lettuce= 80% water)

25. Heart Failure Nutrition Therapy Assess drug-nutrient interactions
Losses of water-soluble vitamins
Supplementation may be warranted
Consider arginine, carnitine and taurine in dietary regimen