1. Manufacturing Accounts
Chapter 19
Manufacturing
Accounts

2. Manufacturing Companies
A Manufacturing Firm is one which converts raw materials into finished goods and sells the finished goods to make a profit.
A Manufacturing Account is prepared to calculate the cost of producing completed goods.

3. Direct vs Indirect Cost
1. Direct materials or raw materials – these are materials used or consumed in production.
1. Indirect materials – these costs are essential in a firm’s operations but cannot directly be traced in the production of goods.
2. Direct labour or production labour – these are cost incurred paid as wages to people who work directly on the product.
2. Indirect labour – these are cost incurred paid as wages to people who support in the development of a product however, the cost of the labour cannot be traced to the actual product for example: foreman wages.

4. SECTIONS OF A MANUFACTURING ACCOUNT
Prime cost – contains the direct (variable) cost related to the volume of production.
Factory overheads – contains cost that are likely to be incurred regardless to the number of units produced.
Work-In-Progress – contains opening and closing stock of semi-finished goods.

5. The Trading Account The components of the trading account would
include:
Cost of goods manufactured transferred from the manufacturing account.
Opening stock and closing stock of finished goods.
Sales of finished goods.
Purchases of finished if the manufacturing company buys from another supplier.

6. The Profit & Loss Account
The components of the profit and loss
account would include costs not related to
the making of the product:
Administrative (office) expenses
Selling and distribution expenses
Financial expenses.

7. The Balance Sheet
The Balance Sheet differs from other businesses because of the three types of stock. These types of stocks(raw materials, work in progress and finished goods) are shown separately in the Current Assets section in the Balance sheet.