Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Orasa T. 13 Computer Hardware
2
13 Learning Objectives Identify the major types and uses of microcomputer, midrange, and mainframe computer systems. Outline the major technologies and uses of computer peripherals for input, output, and storage.
3
Identify the components and functions of a computer system.
13 Learning Objectives (continued) Identify the components and functions of a computer system. Identify the computer system and peripherals you would acquire or recommend for a business of your choice.
4
Computer Systems: End User and Enterprise Computing
13 Section I Computer Systems: End User and Enterprise Computing
5
Types of Computer Systems
13 Types of Computer Systems All computers are systems of input, processing, output, storage, and control components. Three basic categories Mainframe Midrange computers Microcomputers
6
13 Mainframe Enterprise systems Superservers Transaction processors
Types of Computer Systems (continued) Mainframe Enterprise systems Superservers Transaction processors Supercomputers
7
13 Midrange Network servers Minicomputers Web servers
Types of Computer Systems (continued) Midrange Network servers Minicomputers Web servers Multi-user systems
8
13 Microcomputers Personal computers Network computers
Types of Computer Systems (continued) Microcomputers Personal computers Network computers Technical workstations PDAs Information appliances
9
The most important category of computers
13 Microcomputer Systems The most important category of computers Desktop Laptop Workstation computers Network servers
10
Microcomputer Systems (continued)
13 Microcomputer Systems (continued) Selection criteria Solid performance at a reasonable price Operating system ready Connectivity
11
Microcomputer Systems (continued)
13 Microcomputer Systems (continued) Network computers Designed primarily for use with the Internet and corporate intranets For specialized or limited computing applications Lower cost of purchase, upgrades, maintenance, and support
12
Microcomputer Systems (continued)
13 Microcomputer Systems (continued) Network computers (continued) Other benefits Ease of software distribution and licensing Computing platform standardization Reduced end user requirements Improved manageability
13
Microcomputer Systems (continued)
13 Microcomputer Systems (continued) Information appliances PDAs Set-top boxes and video-game consoles Wireless PDAs Cellular and PCS phones
14
Microcomputer Systems (continued)
13 Microcomputer Systems (continued) Computer terminals Dumb terminals Intelligent terminals Network terminals Transaction terminals
15
Midrange Computer Systems
13 Midrange Computer Systems Multi-user systems that can manage networks of PCs and terminals Less costly to buy, operate, and maintain than mainframes Popular as network servers Minicomputers
16
Mainframe Computer Systems
13 Mainframe Computer Systems Large, fast, powerful Handle high transaction processing volumes or complex computational problems Super servers for large client/server networks and high-volume Internet websites Popular for data mining and warehousing
17
Mainframe Computer Systems (continued)
13 Mainframe Computer Systems (continued) Supercomputers Extremely powerful systems specifically designed for scientific, engineering, and business applications requiring extremely high speeds for massive numeric computations Use parallel processing architectures Process at speeds measured in gigaflops and teraflops
18
The Computer System Concept
13 The Computer System Concept Computers are organized according to the following system functions: Input Keyboards Touch screens Pens Electronic mice Optical scanners Convert data into electronic form
19
The Computer System Concept (continued)
13 The Computer System Concept (continued) Processing Central Processing Unit (CPU) Two subunits Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU) Control Unit
20
The Computer System Concept (continued)
13 The Computer System Concept (continued) Output Video display units Printers Audio response units Convert electronic information into human-intelligible form
21
The Computer System Concept (continued)
13 The Computer System Concept (continued) Storage Store data and software instructions May also include cache memory Primary storage unit (hard drive) Secondary storage Magnetic disks Optical disk drives
22
The Computer System Concept (continued)
13 The Computer System Concept (continued) Control The registers and other circuits of the control unit interpret software instructions and transmit directions to the other components of the computer system
23
The Computer System Concept (continued)
13 The Computer System Concept (continued) Computer processing speeds Milliseconds (thousandths of a second) Microseconds (millionths of a second) Nanoseconds (billionths of a second) Picoseconds (trillionths of a second)
24
13 Clock speeds Megahertz (MHz) Gigahertz (GHz)
The Computer System Concept (continued) Clock speeds Megahertz (MHz) Millions of cycles per second Gigahertz (GHz) Billions of cycles per second
25
Computer Peripherals: Input, Output, and Storage Technologies
13 Section II Computer Peripherals: Input, Output, and Storage Technologies
26
Generic name given to all input, output, and secondary storage devices
13 Peripherals Generic name given to all input, output, and secondary storage devices Depend on direct connections or telecommunications links to the CPU All peripherals are online devices
27
Natural user interface
13 Input Technologies Natural user interface Enter data and commands directly into a computer Electronic mice and touch pads Optical scanning, handwriting recognition, voice recognition
28
Used for entering data and text
13 Pointing Devices Used for entering data and text Work with your operating system’s graphical user interface (GUI) Electronic mouse Trackball Pointing stick Touch pad Touch screen
29
Used in many hand-held computers and PDAs
13 Pen-Based Computing Used in many hand-held computers and PDAs Digitizer pen Graphics tablet
30
Speech Recognition Systems
13 Speech Recognition Systems Digitize, analyze, and classify your speech and its sound patterns Allow operators to perform data entry without using their hands to key in data or instructions Speaker-independent Voice-messaging computers
31
Read text or graphics and convert them into digital input
13 Optical Scanning Read text or graphics and convert them into digital input Employ photoelectric devices to scan the characters being read
32
Optical Scanning (continued)
13 Optical Scanning (continued) Optical character recognition (OCR) Reads OCR characters & codes Merchandise tags Product labels Sort mail, score tests Hand-held optical scanning wands Reads bar coding Universal Product Code (UPC)
33
Other Input Technologies
13 Other Input Technologies Magnetic stripe technology Credit cards Smart cards Embedded microprocessor chip Debit, credit, and other cards Digital cameras Still cameras Digital camcorders
34
Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) technology
13 Other Input Technologies (continued) Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) technology Used by banks to sort and post checks and deposit slips 14 characters of a standardized design Reader-sorters Video Print Storage
35
13 Video monitors Video Output Cathode ray tube (CRT)
Liquid crystal displays (LCDs)
36
13 Inkjet Laser Printed Output
Spray ink onto the page one line at a time Laser Use an electrostatic process similar to a copier
37
13 Storage Trade-Offs
38
Storage Trade-Offs (continued)
13 Storage Trade-Offs (continued) Computer storage fundamentals Information is stored through the presence or absence of electronic or magnetic signals Binary representation 1 = ON 0 = OFF
39
Storage Trade-Offs (continued)
13 Storage Trade-Offs (continued) Computer storage fundamentals (continued) Bit The smallest element of data May have a value of either one or zero Byte Basic grouping of bits Typically, a byte consists of 8 bits and represents one character of data
40
Storage Trade-Offs (continued)
13 Storage Trade-Offs (continued) Computer storage fundamentals (continued) Storage capacities Kilobytes (KB) 1,000 bytes Megabytes (MB) 1 million bytes
41
Storage Trade-Offs (continued)
13 Storage Trade-Offs (continued) Computer storage fundamentals (continued) Gigabytes (GB) 1 billion bytes Terabytes (TB) 1 trillion bytes Petabyte (PB) 1 quadrillion bytes
42
Storage Trade-Offs (continued)
13 Storage Trade-Offs (continued) Direct and sequential access Terms direct access and random access describe the same concept An element of data or instructions can be directly stored and retrieved by selecting and using any of the locations on the storage media Each storage position Has a unique address Can be individually accessed in approximately the same time
43
Storage Trade-Offs (continued)
13 Storage Trade-Offs (continued) Direct and sequential access (continued) Sequential access Does not have unique storage addresses Serial process Data are recorded one after another in a predetermined sequence. Locating an individual item requires searching all of the data until the desired item is located
44
Storage Trade-Offs (continued)
13 Storage Trade-Offs (continued)
45
Primary storage of your computer Advantages
13 Semiconductor Memory Primary storage of your computer Advantages Small size Great speed Shock and temperature resistant Disadvantage Volatility
46
Semiconductor Memory (continued)
13 Semiconductor Memory (continued) Two basic types of semiconductor memory RAM – random access memory Volatile memory Read/write memory “working” memory
47
Semiconductor Memory (continued)
13 Semiconductor Memory (continued) ROM – read only memory Nonvolatile Used for permanent storage Can be read but not erased or overwritten Variations of ROM PROM Programmable read only memory EPROM Erasable programmable read only memory
48
Most common form of secondary storage
13 Magnetic Disk Storage Most common form of secondary storage Data is recorded on tracks in the form of tiny magnetized spots Thousands of bytes recorded on each track
49
Magnetic Disk Storage (continued)
13 Magnetic Disk Storage (continued) Types of Magnetic Disks Floppy disks Zip disks Hard disk drives
50
Magnetic Disk Storage (continued)
13 Magnetic Disk Storage (continued) Redundant arrays of independent disks (RAID) Provides large capacities with high access speeds Data are accessed in parallel over multiple paths from many disks Fault tolerant Storage area networks (SANs) Fiber channel LANs that connect many RAID units
51
Used as secondary storage
13 Magnetic Tape Storage Used as secondary storage Also used in robotic automated drive assemblies Lower-cost storage Archival storage
52
13 Optical Disk Storage CD-ROM CD-R CD-RW DVD DVD-ROM DVD-RAM
53
Business applications
13 Optical Disk Storage (continued) Business applications Image processing Provide access to reference materials in a convenient, compact form videos
54
Do you agree with the statement: “The network is the computer”?
13 Discussion Questions Do you agree with the statement: “The network is the computer”? What trends are occurring in the development and use of the major types of computer systems?
55
Are networks of PCs and servers making mainframe computers obsolete?
13 Discussion Questions (continued) Do you think that network computers (NCs) will replace personal computers (PCs) in business applications? Are networks of PCs and servers making mainframe computers obsolete?
56
13 Discussion Questions (continued) What trends are occurring in the development and use of peripheral devices? Why are those trends occurring? When would you recommend the use of each of the following: Network computers NetPCs Network terminals Information appliances in business applications
57
Discussion Questions (continued)
13 Discussion Questions (continued) What processor, memory, magnetic disk storage, and video display capabilities would you require for a personal computer that you would use for business purposes? What other peripheral devices and capabilities would you want to have for your business PC?
58
The Business Value of PDAs
Real World Case 1 – City of Richmond & Tim Beaty Builders 13 The Business Value of PDAs What are the business benefits of PDAs for business applications? What are the limitations of PDAs for business use?
59
13 References James A. O'Brien; George M. Marakas. Management Information Systems: Managing Information Technology in the Business Enterprise 6th Ed., Boston: McGraw-Hill/ Irwin,2004
Similar presentations
