1. Unit 3.3
Persian Gulf War

2. Day 1

3. Intro Gulf War Causes https://youtu.be/BEKMeOEvEmM
Gulf War Causes, pp
Take notes!

4. Good morning! First Four
What images, symbols, characters do you see?
What is the message?

5. The Crusades?

6. How does our past drive our present? The Middle East
GQ#5 - Why did the First Gulf War take place?
Iraq & Saddam
Iran, the Shah, & the Revolution
Iran-Iraq War
Now what?

9. How does our past drive our present? The Middle East
GQ#5 - Why did the First Gulf War take place?
August 1990 Iraq invaded Kuwait. 300,000 Iraqi soldiers took over w/n 24 hours. Why?
The world was shocked, the invasion was condemned, and the UN put sanctions on Iraq.
January 1991 the US invaded & drove the Iraqi army from Kuwait. Why?

10. ACTIVITY
Using your notes (and the article if needed) create your own cartoon, graphic, or visual that explains or speaks to another cause of the Gulf War.

11. Day 2

12. First Four – Title & Date
What images, symbols, characters do you see?
What is the message?

13. Cartoonist’s analogy… What teenagers can and can’t do legally today
Cartoonist’s analogy… What teenagers can and can’t do legally today. Cartoonist’s use of irony… today a teenager can’t go into a bar or rent a car but can buy an assault rifle.

14. GQ#5 - Why did the First Gulf War take place?
What do the cartoons tell us?
Make a list

15. Watch Video
Persian Gulf War: Timeline of Operation Desert Storm - Mojo -
What Happened in the Persian Gulf War I History -

16. Kahoot.it
Put away all of your notes, classwork, Major Themes sheets, etc.
Use your own device of work with someone at your table who has one.
You must stay seated or you will be disqualified!

17. Homework
Read NPR article / answer questions thoughtfully and record results in history notebooks – Be ready for class discussion
Watch What happened in the Persian Gulf War – History Channel (5 min) -

18. So what?
Exit Ticket
1. What was the most important cause that the First Gulf War took place? Why is this the most important cause?
2. What was the most important consequence of the First Gulf war? Why is this the most important consequence?

19. Videos Bush & the First Gulf War - https://youtu.be/5Ii2woitYRQ
What happened in the Persian Gulf War – History Channel -
Persian Gulf War: Timeline of Operation Desert Storm - Mojo -
Tank footage- M1 Abrams Battle, Gulf War

20. Kahoot!

21. Reminders Turn-in political cartoons if you’ve not done so
Unit 3.2 take-home assessment due not later than end of this period
All make-ups / re-takes must be completed by Thurs, 1 Mar

22. Course & Consequences of the First Gulf War
Day 2
Course & Consequences of the First Gulf War

23. First Four – Title / Date
What images, symbols, characters do you see?
What is the message?

24. Standards Cambridge TN Literacy Goal
What were the causes, course & consequences of the Gulf War, ?
TN Literacy Goal
By end of 10th grade, students will read & comprehend social studies at the 9-10 grade level

25. Lesson Objectives I can…
Explain the course & consequences of the First Gulf War
Use academic vocabulary in my historical speaking & writing
Reflect on my current understanding of academic vocabulary / concepts in preparation for Unit 3 assessment

26. Agenda First Four Finish Political Cartoon Review
Review First Gulf War Causes
Discuss First Gulf War Consequences
Watch Bush & First Gulf War excerpt
Read / Answer – Iraq Post-Gulf War ‘91-’02
Kahoot vocab review
Exit Ticket

27. Political Cartoons

28. War Causes Review

29. Video
Invasion of Kuwait – Explained -

30. Why did the First Gulf War take place?
Iraq after the Iran-Iraq War
500,000 Iraqis killed
Gigantic military
$80B debt
Infrastructure in decline
Unemployment

31. Why did the First Gulf War take place?
Oil prices too low
Other countries producing record amounts
OPEC refused to lower supply
Discontent in Iraq
people & the army
Several assassination
attempts on Saddam

32. Why did the First Gulf War take place?
Continued struggle for supremacy in the Middle East
Saddam still trying to prove his relevance & power

33. Why did the First Gulf War take place?
Iraq’s historic claims to Kuwait
Many Iraqis had claimed Kuwait was a province of Iraq since the 1930s
Kuwait has large coastline – Iraq almost landlocked
Saddam claimed Kuwait was slant drilling

34. Why did the First Gulf War take place?
Historic ties to the West
US, France, and Britain had supported Saddam in ’70s & ‘80s as a counterweight against Islamic Republic in Iran
He was a stable leader who supplied a lot of oil
Saddam assumed Western support would continue
Met US Ambassador July 1990 and asked about Kuwait.
US Ambassador assured Saddam that his concerns with Kuwait did not affect his relationship with the US.
Iraq invaded Kuwait eight days later

35. Course of the War

36. Aug – Nov 1990
August 2, Iraq invades Kuwait. Reportedly, Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein decided to invade the small, oil-rich nation in order to pay off debts incurred during Iraq's eight year war with Iran.
August 2, The United Nations passes a resolution denouncing Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.
August 6, The UN imposes sanctions on Iraq.
August 7, US President George H. W. Bush orders the start of Operation Desert Shield.
August 8, Iraq formally annexes Kuwait.
August 25, The UN passes a resolution to allow enforcement of the embargo by military means.
November 29, The UN authorizes use of force after January 15, 1991.

37. Allied Coalition Members
The Allied coalition was made up of 39 countries: Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Honduras, Hungary, Italy, Kuwait, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States.

38. Jan – Apr 1991 January 16-17, 1991 - Operation Desert Storm begins.
Jan 16, 1991 – Kuwaiti oil fields set on fire by Iraqi army.
February 24, The allied ground assault begins.
February 24, 1991 – Kuwaiti oil field fires at greatest level.
February 27, Baghdad radio announces that Iraq will comply with UN resolutions.
February 27, Kuwait is liberated.
February 28, Coalition attacks against Iraq end.
March 14, Kuwait's Emir returns home.
April 6, Iraq accepts the terms of a cease-fire agreement.

39. Consequences of the First Gulf War!
Class Discussion
Consequences of the First Gulf War!

40. Today’s Task
What was the course of the Gulf War & What were it’s consequences?
How can we connect this to current events in the Middle East?
NPR Article – Pair, Share

41. Discussion Questions
How significant was oil to the Persian Gulf conflict?
What role did the UN play in the conflict? How does this remind you of the League of Nations after WWI?
What did many Kurds & Shia do after the ceasefire? How did the USA respond? What was the impact on future relations between Iraqi Shia & USA?
What was war’s impact Muslims in region & worldwide?
How were actions of George W. Bush in deciding to invade Iraq in 2003 influenced by Persian Gulf conflict?

42. Short-Term Consequences
Overwhelming Coalition victory
Liberation of Kuwait
Saddam Hussein stayed in power – UN Resolution & Counter spread of Iran’s Islamic Revolution
Internal uprising by Kurds & Shiites against Saddam Hussein that was brutally suppressed
Iraq bore most of the cost of the war – casualties and lost war material
Significant environmental damage – chemical, oil, weapons
UN sanctions imposed on Iraq
USA military presence in Saudi Arabia
USA established “no-fly” zones over northern & southern Iraq

43. Long-Term Consequences
USA retained permanent military presence in Saudi Arabia
Major coalition partner states now wondered if Saddam Hussein’s continuing presence best served their interests
Iraq’s compliance with UN Security Council Resolution 687 (including destruction of WMD) remained incomplete
Iraqi Shia resentment at lack of USA support of their rebellion in southern Iraq – poor USA reception at 2003 invasion of Iraq
Al-Qaida resentment at USA presence in Saudi Arabia led to 9/11 attack

44. Bush & First Gulf War

45.
What type of sanctions were imposed by the UN and what were their impact?
On Iraqi military capability
On Iraqi leadership
On Iraqi people
On UN / USA

46. 1991 - 2002 Suspicion led to USA 2003 Iraq invasion
What type of sanctions were imposed by the UN and what were their impact?
Sanctions
Blockade on machinery, fertilizer, medicines, books
Limit on oil sales
UNSCOM Weapons inspections
Impact
On Iraqi military capability – not critical
On Iraqi leadership – not much
people did not rise up against Saddam
Saddam aggressively put down internal resistance
On Iraqi people –
Disastrous – lack of food & medicine, chlorine to purify water – hundreds of thousands children died
On UN/USA –
Partially effective - most WMD removed but suspicion remained
PR disaster with worldwide Muslim community
And….
Suspicion led to USA 2003 Iraq invasion

47. Kahoot.it
Put away all of your notes, classwork, Major Themes sheets, etc.
Use your own device of work with someone at your table who has one.
You must stay seated or you will be disqualified!

48. Lesson Objectives I can…
Explain the course & consequences of the First Gulf War
Use academic vocabulary in my historical speaking & writing
Reflect on my current understanding of academic vocabulary / concepts in preparation for Unit 3 assessment

49. Exit Ticket
What was the most important cause of the First Gulf War? Why is this the most important reason?
What was the most important consequence of the First Gulf War? Why is this the most important reason?

50. More Immediate Consequences
Casualties:
US Casualties: 382 military casualties; VA estimates that 1/4th Gulf War vets suffer from Gulf War Syndrome
Iraqi Casualties: Estimates of Iraqi soldier deaths range from 1,500 to 100,000
Kuwaiti Casualties: Iraqi occupation forces killed at least 1,082 Kuwaiti civilian noncombatants, including women, children, and the mentally handicapped.
US $ Cost: Cheapest war in US history (.03% GDP)… FY2011 $106B Coalition partners paid about ½ of US cost
Regional $ Cost: Arab Monetary Fund estimates the conflict cost the region $676 billion in 1990 and 1991, not counting vast damage to the environment
Environmental Cost: Estimates of Iraqi oil spilled into the Gulf range from 4 to 11 million barrels, several time the size of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, and was never cleaned up on Saudi Arabian shores. The 610 oil fires set by Iraq destroyed 85% of Kuwaiti oil wells. The total amount of oil burned is an estimated 1 billion barrels. Researchers linked the subsequent fluctuation in temperatures to the devastating Bangladesh typhoon of 1991.
Sources:
CNN Gulf War Fast Facts at
NYT at

51. Videos Kuwait oil field fires - https://youtu.be/3tXEHT4MjCI
Fires of Kuwait –
Flames of Kuwait - Gulf War
Invasion of Kuwait – Explained -
Persian Gulf Oil Spill -

52. What do you see? What is the message?

53.
What type of sanctions were imposed by the UN and what were their impact?
On Iraqi military capability
On Iraqi leadership
On Iraqi people
On UN / USA

54. 1991 - 2002 Suspicion led to USA 2003 Iraq invasion
What type of sanctions were imposed by the UN and what were their impact?
Sanctions
Blockade on machinery, fertilizer, medicines, books
Limit on oil sales
UNSCOM Weapons inspections
Impact
On Iraqi military capability – not critical
On Iraqi leadership – not much
people did not rise up against Saddam
Saddam aggressively put down internal resistance
On Iraqi people –
Disastrous – lack of food & medicine, chlorine to purify water – hundreds of thousands children died
On UN/USA –
Partially effective - most WMD removed but suspicion remained
PR disaster with worldwide Muslim community
And….
Suspicion led to USA 2003 Iraq invasion

55. Gulf War Essay Prep
See handout

56. How did we rank these? How do we rank them now?
Tension in the Gulf
Israel
Religion
National Identity
Individuals
Oil