1. Ecology

2. Levels of Ecology Organismal Population Community Ecosystem Landscape
Global

3. Biomes Terrestrial Aquatic Freshwater Tropical forest Wetlands Savanna
Estuaries
Marine
Tropical forest
Savanna
Desert
Polar
Chaparral
Temperate grasslands
Temperate deciduous forest
Coniferous forest
Tundra

4. Interactions with organisms and the environment
Biotic
Predators
Prey
Competition
Disease
Symbiosis
Abiotic
Temperature
H2O & O2
Salinity
Sunlight
Rocks &soil

5. Population Ecology
Density
Dispersion

6. Demographics
Life Table

7. Demographics
Survivorship curves

8. Demographics
Reproductive rates

9. Population Growth

10. Life History Strategies
K-Selection
Density dependent
Maximize population size
Near carrying capacity
Strong competition
R-Selection
Density Independent
Maximize per capita rate of increase
Below carrying capacity
Little competition

11. Factors Affecting Population Growth
Density Dependent
Death rate rises as population increases in size
Density Independent
Birth or death rate does not change with population size

12. Human Growth
Age structure diagrams

13. Community Ecology Interactions Competition Interspecific competition
Competitive exclusion
Ecological niche
Resource partitioning
Character displacement

14. Community Ecology Interactions Predation Adaptations Crytic coloration
Aposematic coloration
Batesian mimicry
Mullerian mimicry

15. Community Ecology Interactions Facilitation Herbivory Symbiosis
Parasitism
Mutualism
Commensalism
Facilitation

16. Trophic Structure
Food Chains
Food Webs

17. Large Impact Species Dominant Species Highest abundance or biomass
Removal can have small effect on community
Keystone Species
Strong ecological roles or niches
Removal has dramatic affect on community

18. Control of Community Bottom-Up Model Nutrients Plants Herbivores
Predators
Top-Down Model
Predators
Herbivores
Plants
Nutrients

19. Disturbance and Community Structure
Non-equilibrium Model
Types of disturbances
Intermediate disturbance hypothesis
Ecological succesion
Primary
Secondary
Human Impact
Pathogens

20. Energy Law of Conservation of Energy Trophic Levels Producers
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Tertiary consumers
Detrivores

21. Primary Production Energy budgets Gross primary productivity
Net primary productivity
NPP = GPP – Ra (autotrophic respiration)
Net ecosystem production
NEP = GPP – Rr (total respiration of all organisms)

22. Primary Production Aquatic ecosystems Light limits Nutrient limits
Terrestrial ecosystems
Adaptations

23. Energy Transfers Secondary Production Production efficiency
Trophic efficiency

24. Biogeochemical Cycles

25. Restoration
Bioremediation
Biological Augmentation

26. Levels of Biodiversity
Genetic diversity
Species diversity
Ecosystem diversity

27. Conservation Benefits Threats Habitat loss Introduced species
Overharvesting
Global change

28. Humans and the Changing Earth
Nutrient Enrichment
Toxins in the Environment
Greenhouse gases & global warming
Ozone Depletion