1. Spotlight on Eating Disorders

2. Eating Disorders Eating disorders ≠ disordered eating
Eating disorder: Serious illness affecting daily activities
Disordered eating: Usually temporary or mild change in eating patterns

3. The Eating Disorders Continuum
DSM-5 assigns eating disorders to categories across a continuum
Self-starvation at one end
Binge-eating disorder on the other

5. No Simple Causes Predisposition Social factors
Expectations for body size and shape
Psychological factors
Peer relationships
Family expectations
Emotional trauma

6. No Simple Causes Biological factors Neurotransmitter levels
Genetic factors
Synthesis and release of leptin and orexin

7. Anorexia Nervosa Diagnostic criteria
Body weight < 85% of expected (BMI ≥ 17.5 kg/m2)
Intense fear of weight gain
Distorted body image
Amenorrhea
Causes
Warning signs

9. Anorexia Nervosa Treatment Goals Stabilize physical condition
Convert patient into participant
Restore nutritional status
Gradual weight gain
Psychotherapy
Individual
Group
Family

10. Bulimia Nervosa Diagnostic criteria Recurrent binge eating
Recurrent purging, excessive exercise, or fasting
Excessive concern about weight and shape
Absence of anorexia nervosa
Causes

12. Bulimia Nervosa Binge: large amount of food, short period of time
High-calorie, high-fat foods
Purge
Affects fluid and electrolyte balance
Can be life threatening

14. Bulimia Nervosa Treatment Medical Nutritional Psychotherapy
Antidepressant medications

15. Binge-Eating Disorder
Diagnostic criteria
Recurrent binge eating
Distress over eating behaviors
No recurrent purging
Absence of anorexia nervosa
Triggers of binge eating
Stress
Conflict
Frequent dieting

18. Binge-Eating Disorder
Treatment
Psychotherapy
Antidepressant medications
Long-term support

19. Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Preoccupied with an imagined or slight defect in appearance
Often coexists with
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Major depression
Delusions
Social phobia

20. Night-Eating Syndrome
Habitual pattern of interrupting sleep to eat
Indications
Eats more than half of daily calories during and after evening meal
Wakes up at least once a night to eat
Feels tense or guilty while eating
Persists in behavior for 3+ months

21. Males: An Overlooked Population
Fewer instances than females
Most affected men are overweight, unlike women
Men involved in sports, modeling, entertainment
Pressure for certain weight or shape

22. Anorexia Athletica Sports-related eating disorders
Body size/shape important in competition
Pressure from coaches

23. The Female Athlete Triad
Disordered eating
Amenorrhea
Premature Osteoporosis

24. Other Issues Pregorexia
Pregnant women who reduce calories and exercise in excess
Infantile anorexia
Severe feeding difficulties beginning with introduction of solid foods

25. Combating Eating Disorders
Promote self-esteem
Focus on size acceptance
Celebrate the diversity in all sizes and shapes
Discourage meal skipping
Encourage eating in response to hunger, not emotions