1. Ecological Organization
Biology EOCT Review

2. Organization of the Earth’s Biosphere
Biosphere: the thin region of Earth that supports all life. Includes all of Earth’s organisms and the environments in which they live.
Ecology: the science that studies the interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environments
Biome: a group of eco-systems that have similar climates and similar types of plant life
Organism: any living thing
Ecosystem: consists of all the communities in an area and the nonliving parts of the environment
Community: all the populations that inhabit the same area at the same time
Population: all of the organisms of a species that living in area at the same time

4. Biotic Factors
Living things in the environment

5. Abiotic Factors Non living things in an environment Air Soil Light
Climate
Water

6. Terrestrial Biomes: Tundra
Annual temperatures: -40C to 10C; annual precipitation (mostly snow) less than 25 cm; upper layer of frozen soil called permafrost
Vegetation: nearly treeless; grasses, sedges, lichen, mosses, low shrubs
Animals: arctic hare, polar bear, lemming, snowy owl, caribou

7. Terrestrial Biomes: Tropical Rain Forest
Annual temperatures: 20C to 30C; annual precipitation greater than 200 cm; nutrient-poor soil
Vegetation: broad-leafed evergreen trees, ferns, orchids
Animals: monkeys, flying squirrels, parrots, jaguars

8. Terrestrial Biomes: Desert
Annual temperatures: -30C to 40C in cool deserts; 20C to 50C in hot deserts; annual precipitation less than 25 cm
Vegetation: mesquite and other brush, cacti, small plants
Animals: jackrabbits, coyotes, snakes, lizards, camels, hawks

9. Terrestrial Biomes: Grassland
Annual temperatures: -40C to 35C in temperate grasslands; 10C to 35C in tropical grasslands; annual precipitation 20 cm to 100 cm
Vegetation: grasses, clover, herbs, sunflowers
Animals: wolves, antelopes, elephants, prairie dogs, snakes

10. Terrestrial Biomes: Taiga
Annual temperatures: -30C to 20C; annual precipitation 30 cm to 50cm; acidic soil that thaws completely in summer
Vegetation: coniferous trees, ferns, mosses, lichen
Animals: snowshoe hare, timber wolf, weasel, bears, moose

11. Terrestrial Biomes: Temperate Deciduous Forest
Annual temperatures: -10C to 35C; annual precipitation 75 to 125 cm
Vegetation: broadleaf trees, birch, oak, wildflowers, vines, mosses
Animals: white-tailed deer, rabbits, squirrels, raccoon, jays, owls

12. Aquatic Biomes: Freshwater
Flowing-water: rivers, streams, creeks, and brooks
Have plants, algae, insects, fish ducks, phytoplankton, and zooplankton
Are adapted to seasonal changes in water level and rate of flow and temperature changes
Standing-water: lakes and ponds
Water flows into and out of these ecosystems and then circulates-causes changes in temperature
Have phytoplankton, zooplankton, algae, plants, insects, fish, amphibians, and wading birds

13. Aquatic Biomes: Marine
Defined by salt water; include open ocean, rocky intertidal zones, and estuaries
Organisms adapt to the depth of the ocean they live in (pressure) as well as the amount of sunlight they receive
Estuaries are areas where freshwater meets the salty water of the sea