1. DOL
Because Poes mother dyed and his father had desserted the family he was raised as a foster child.
Poe lived in New York city during his most busiest writing years.

2. Poetry Notes: Sound Devices
Please add today’s notes to the notes previously taken on poetry.

3. Sound Devices
Rhythm:
The pattern of beats or stresses, in spoken or written language, some poems have a very specific pattern, or meter
Prose uses the pattern of everyday speech
Meter:
The rhythmic pattern of a poem. The pattern is determined by the number and types of stresses and beats in each line. A slanted line (‘) is used to indicate stressed syllables, and a shoe symbol (ᵕ) is used to indicate unstressed syllables. The stressed and unstressed syllables are divided by a vertical line (│) into groups called feet.

4. Meter Continued ͝ ` ͝ ` ͝ ` ͝ ` ͝ `
͝ ` ͝ ` ͝ ` ͝ ` ͝ `
To him │who in │the love │of na │ture holds
iamb:
A foot with one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable
Trochee:
A foot with one stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable

5. Meter Continued Dimeter: A poem written in two-foot lines
Trimeter: three-foot lines
Tetrameter: four-foot lines
Pentameter: five-foot lines
Hexameter: six-foot lines
Heptameter: seven
Octameter: eight

6. Meter
Let’s look at the opening line of “The Raven” try to determine if it can be broken into Iambs or trochees
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary.
Once u/ pon a/ mid-night / dreary, / while I / pon-dered / weak and / weary,

7. Sound Devices Rhyme: The repetition of sounds at the ends of words
End Rhyme: occurs when the rhyming words come at the ends of lines
I went to school full of Joy
Eager to meet each girl and boy
Internal Rhyme: occurs when the rhyming words appear in the same line
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,
Slant Rhyme: also referred to as near or half rhyme. Words have similar endings but do not truly rhyme.
Fish and dash

8. Rhyme Continued
Rhyme Scheme: The regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem. The rhyme scheme of a poem is indicated by using different letters of the alphabet--starting with “a”--for each new rhyme.
For example, in an aabb stanza, lines 1 and 2 rhyme and lines 3 and 4 rhyme
There once was a big brown cat a That liked to eat a lot of mice. b He got all round and fat a Because they tasted so nice. b

9. Rhyme Scheme Example
I wandered lonely as a cloud, That floats on high o’er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the tree, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze A B C

10. Sound Devices
Repetition: a use of any element of language—a sound, a word, a phrase, a clause—more than once
Alliteration, assonance, consonance, rhyme,
Alliteration: The repetition of initial consonant sounds. Used to give emphasis to words and create a musical effect
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers
Onomatopoeia: The use of words that imitate sounds
Thud, hiss, sizzle, pop, etc

11. Sound Devices
Assonance: The repetition of vowel sounds in conjunction with dissimilar consonant sounds.
The repeated use of the long “o” sound helps create a mysterious mood
The mountain at a given distance
The I sound is repeated in given and distance, in the context of dissimilar consonant sounds g-v and d-s
And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side Of my darling, my darling, my life and my bride.

12. Sound Devices
Consonance: the repetition of consonant sounds within or at the end of words—typically with dissimilar vowel sounds.
Example: Slip—slop; creak—croak; black—block
Nothing Gold Can Stay: dawn goes down
(n's) (alliteration and consonance)

13. Consonance Practice Mowing: sound beside the wood;
Tree at my Window: could be profound;
Mine with inner.
Looking for a Sunset Bird in Winter: died of cold,
thought....alight, sweet and swift
and more The Vantage Point: : slope where the cattle keep
(d's)
(n’s)
(d’s)
(t’s)
(p’s)

14. Notes on “The Raven”
Allusions

15. Pallas Greek goddess of wisdom
A bust is a statue from the shoulders up

16. Other references in the poem
Seraphim: Angel of the highest order
Plutonian: the underworld (think hell)
Balm of Gilead: Biblical allusion to an ointment that helps a person to forget something and heal
Nepenthe: drug of the ancient Greeks that could relieve sorrow

18. MLA citation of Poetry
When quoting poetry of multiple lines, always place a forward slash (/) between the lines to let the reader know where line breaks occur. Always follow the quote with the line numbers—not the page number!
Example
What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore
meant in croaking “Nevermore”
“What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore / meant in croaking ‘Nevermore’” (71-72).