1. Databases and Data Warehouses Chapter 3
Intro to MIS - MGS351
Databases and Data Warehouses Chapter 3

2. Traditional File Environment Databases
Overview
Data Hierarchy
Traditional File Environment
Databases
Relational, Hierarchical, Network
Design and Normalization
Data Warehousing

3. Fields, Columns, Attributes Bytes Bits
Data Hierarchy
Database
Table, File, Relation
Records, Rows, Tuples
Fields, Columns, Attributes
Bytes
Bits

4. Data Hierarchy

5. Traditional File Environment Issues
Data Redundancy
Data Inconsistency
Data Isolation
Data Integrity
Security
Application / Data Dependence

6. Traditional File Processing

7. Database Approach Advantages
Minimal data redundancy
Data consistency
Integration of data
Sharing of data
Uniform security, privacy and integrity
Data independence

8. Database Environment

9. DBMS Components
Data definition language (DDL): Specifies content and structure of database and defines each data element (data type, length, properties)
CREATE TABLE Customers
(Cust_no varchar2(12),
FName char(30),
Lname char(30),
DOB date,
Address varchar2(50));

10. DBMS Components
Data manipulation language (DML): Manipulates data records in a database
Select * from orders where customer_ID in (45, 16, 212) and order date > ‘ ’;

11. DBMS Components
Data dictionary: Stores definitions of data elements, and data characteristics

12. Evolution of Databases

13. Represents data as two-dimensional tables called relations
Relational Database
Represents data as two-dimensional tables called relations
Relates data across tables based on common data element
Examples: DB2, Oracle, MS SQL Server, MySQL

14. Relational Database

15. Hierarchical Database
Organizes data in a tree-like structure
Supports one-to-many parent-child relationships
Prevalent in large legacy systems

16. Hierarchical Database

17. Depicts data logically as many-to-many relationships
Network Database
Depicts data logically as many-to-many relationships
Less flexible compared to RDBMS
Lack support for ad-hoc and English language-like queries

18. Network Database

19. Database Design
Conceptual / Logical Design – Abstract model of database from business perspective.
Physical Design – determines how the database is arranged, optimized and tuned on storage devices.

20. ER Diagram

21. Business Intelligence
Knowledge about your:
Customers
Competitors
Partners
Competitive environment
Internal operations

22. Business Intelligence

23. Business Intelligence
Online transaction processing (OLTP) - the gathering of input information, processing that information, and updating existing information to reflect the gathered and processed information.
Operational databases - databases that support OLTP.
Online analytical processing (OLAP) - the manipulation of information to support decision making.

24. Data Warehousing
Data warehouse - a logical collection of information gathered from many different operational databases (Extract, Transform, Load) used to create business intelligence that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks.

25. Data Warehouse

26. Multidimensional Data Model

27. Data Marts
Data Mart - a subset of a data warehouse in which only a focused portion of the data warehouse information is kept.

28. Data Mining Tools
Data Mining - Used to find hidden patterns and previously unknown trends in data.

29. Databases and the Web